PAPERS ON PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION 4S7 



tion for their occupations comparable to that given in the 

 colleges of that day for the "learned'' professions. He 

 was a man of vigorous and positive mind, of broad cul- 

 ture, and of splendid intelligence. He was a radical , not 

 only in education but in religion and in politics also. Al- 

 though himself a product of the classical tradition in 

 education, he criticised it severely because he saw that 

 it was in practice a class education. His criticism and 

 his constructive work showed that he had a deep sym- 

 pathy with all classes in society and that he saw the prob- 

 lems of the early west. Not the least of his services was 

 the perfecting after years of experimentation of the 

 Osage Orange hedge which made small farms possible 

 and proved the practical efreetivness of his social vision. 



Professor Turner thought that the system of colleges 

 then existing was too restricted with respect to the 

 classes which were benefited, that the preparation they 

 gave was valuable mostly for the few professions only, 

 and that there should be colleges which would do for 

 the agricultural and the mechanical classes what the ex- 

 isting colleges did for the traditional professions. He 

 saw the beginning of the realization of his program in 

 the establishment of the University of Illinois. 



Knowledge, he held, must function in the everyday 

 pursuits of life if it is to be of value, and education must 

 provide this knowledge not merely for one class but for 

 all classes. The industrial classes *( Address at Griggs- 

 ville, May 13, 1850) lacked the means of bringino; the 

 abstract truth in their occupations "into effectual con- 

 tact with the daily business and pursuits" of life. Truth 

 as taught in the colleges was concerned with a very dif- 

 ferent world than that of the industrial classes. He 

 advocated therefore a development of the science of the 

 various industrial pursuits. The industrial class 

 "want, and they ought to have the same facilities 

 understanding the true philosophy, the science, and the 

 art of their several pursuits and of applying efficiently 

 existing knowledge thereto and widening their domain 

 which the professional classes have long enjoyed. " They 



* All quotations from "The Life of Jonathan Baldwin Turner" bv Mary 

 Turner Carriel. 



