284 ILLINOIS STATE ACADEMY OF SCIENCE 



by interested civic organizations, for the 1924 season's 

 work and probably for future years the city may finance 

 the entire work. 



Malaria and mosquito surveys have been made by State 

 sanitary engineers at Herrin and Pekin in response to re- 

 quests from interested citizens and organizations and at 

 a few other Illinois communities. Herrin will undertake 

 systematic control during 1924 the same as Carbondale 

 and Belleville. The work at Pekin may be delayed until 

 1925 because of certain local conditions. 



It is unwise to spend money for mosquito control un- 

 less the control is planned in a systematic manner and 

 will extend over a suitable area, and such work can not 

 be really successful unless a community is thoroughly 

 interested and the individual citizens cooperate. The 

 State Department of Public Health is desirous of assist- 

 ing communities in malaria and mosquito control, and 

 will arrange to have a survey made of malaria and mos- 

 quito conditions in any community and direct the control 

 work wherever a community is sufficiently interested. 



Before discussing the control measures used at Carbon- 

 dale and Belleville it may be well to review the life hist- 

 ory of the mosquito, the manner in which malaria is 

 spread by one type of mosquito, and then outline the 

 various methods that can be used to eradicate malaria 

 and to prevent mosquito breeding. Because many of the 

 persons attending this meeting are undoubtedly some- 

 what familiar with the life history of the mosquito the 

 matter will be presented very briefly. 



Two types of mosquitoes may be mentioned: the Ano- 

 pheles, the female of which can spread malaria, and the 

 Culex or ordinary pestiferous mosquito. The life cycle 

 of a mosquito is divided into four stages, the first three 

 of which are entirely dependent upon water for their 

 continuance. The entire cycle from the egg to the adult 

 requires from 7 to 10 days, depending upon climatic 

 conditions and water temperature. 



The mosquito lays her eggs on water. The eggs of the 

 Anopheles are laid singly, as distinguished from the 

 eggs of the ordinary Culex' which are laid in rafts, each 

 raft containing from 200 to 300 eggs. In two or three 



