Relation betioeen Crime and Instruction. 127 



exposition of the state of crime in Fiance, and the state of education ; and 

 the moral and intellectual condition of each department is exhibited at 

 once to the eye, by means of a series of tabular returns and of maps ; in 

 which latter, each department is shaded according to its proportion of 

 crime and ignorance; and thus, by giving "form and shape to that which 

 would otherwise be only an abstract idea," knowledge, of rather an intricate 

 character, is rendered easy of acquirement. 



The calculations with respect to crime, are based upon the number of 

 persons accused, as representing more exactly the number of crimes com- 

 mitted, than those deduced from such only as are condemned, for in every 

 criminal accusation, it is at least highly probable that a crime has been 

 committed. 



Although it be not just to consider every crime committed in a district, 

 as indicative of the immorality of that district, yet it appears that out of a 

 hundred accused persons, about seventy-two do belong, by birth or re- 

 sidence, to the district in which the crime was committed. 



Considering crimes as directed against persons, and against property, it 

 appears that, during the six years ending with 1830, the former amounted 

 to rather above a quarter of the whole. 



With respect io the sex of the criminal, it appears that of one hundred 

 crimes against persons, eighty-six are committed by men, fourteen by wo- 

 men ; and of the same number committed against property, seventy-nine 

 arc by men, and twenty-one by women. 



Notwithstanding this disproportion, there does not seem to be any reason 

 for considering men as more disposed to crime than women ; for there are 

 very many offences, such as violent homicide, rebellion, forgery, &c. to the 

 commission of which females are but rarely tempted ; while in those crimes, 

 the commission of which is equally facile to both sexes, such as poisoning, 

 the unfavourable proportion, according to the cases cited by M. Guerry, is 

 certainly not on the side of the men. 



It appears that the maximum of crime is committed between the ages 

 of twenty-five and thirty years. The period commencing and terminating, 

 perhaps, a little earlier among the females. M. Guerry exhibits also, in a 

 tabular form, tlie crimes to «!iicli individuals at certain periods of life are 

 prone, and the influence exercised by the seasons upon many kinds of crime. 



Among the incAitives to commit crimes against persons, hatred and 

 revenge are tiie most prominent. 



The correspondence between the returns of different years is very 

 remarkable, and shews the permanent dependence whicii may be placed 

 upon such documents, as data for future calculations. 



M. Guerry divides France into five principal regions, north, south, east, 

 west, and central. 



The table annexed, constructed from his work, exhibits in the first 

 column the region; in the second, the proportion of honest persons, to one 



