74 Review of Pinkertoris Russia. 



The tribes of Finnish, Danish, or Sarmatian origin, still retain many of 

 their original peculiarities, although the influence of a regular government 

 has rubbed off some of the most offensive, and is daily smoothing down the 

 asperities of dialect, and melting into one homogeneous mass the less im- 

 portant distinctions of dress and habit. 



The territories of Russia have been estimated at 340,000 German square 

 miles, and its population, according to the latest census, at nearly thirty- 

 eight millions. The towns of the empire are six hundred and thirty-four 

 in number, of which the principal ones contain upwards of thirty thousand 

 inhabitants. One half of European Russia is said still to be occupied by 

 forests. 



The staple of Russian export trade is timber and its products, as pitch, 

 tar, turpentine, etc. There are also to be found manufactories of silk, 

 linen, glass, leather, rope, etc., all more or less active j for the most part, 

 however, lodged, not in the hands of a regular manufacturing class, but 

 belonging to great nobles 5 as was, to a certain degree, the case in this 

 country, until monopolies were overthrown by an act of the legislature. 

 The articles of Russian manufacture are not, excepting glass, equal to those 

 of foreign countries, which are accordingly preferred in almost every case 

 by the people. 



Russia carries on a trade with Persia by the Caspian, chiefly through the 

 emporium of Astracan, with China and central Asia, and by way of the 

 rising port of ^Odessa with the nations round the Black Sea. Her trade 

 with Turkey is considerable ; in Europe she traffics with Hungary and 

 Prussia, and above all, with the nations of the Baltic and the British isles. 



Russia, both as regards territory and population, has not yet reached that 

 point of civilisation which will enable her to concentrate her efforts for the 

 accomplishment of any given object, but she is approaching it rapidly ; and 

 it becomes therefore a question of near and vital importance, not only to 

 herself, but to the two great quarters of the globe which she unites, that 

 her civilisation should be accompanied by sound education, — her augment- 

 ing power with the capability of using it rightly. 



The moral and intellectual condition of the Russian people becomes then 

 a question in which this country, as the great naval power, and in many 

 other capacities, is right nearly concerned ; and it is by the explication of 

 this question that the volume of Dr. P. is mainly occupied, and to the fur- 

 therance of which his energies have been, and we believe still are, devoted. 

 Civilisation, in the modern acceptation of the terra, implies education, 

 and education religious instruction, for the development of the mental 

 powers, without a corresponding advance of the sense of a strict responsi- 

 bility attending upon their use, would be what none but a madman would 

 desire. Civilisation, however, does not necessarily imply luxury, for though 

 in this country they are found in close alliance, yet the experience of 

 Germany, Prussia, Scotland, and some parts of Switzerland, plainly shews 



