1C8 Essay towards a Grammar of the Berber Language. 



Nahki, I Katctci, thou Natta, he ; Nattad, she 



Enaw, of nie Enak, of thee Enas, of him, of her 



Inakki, to me Ikatclci, to thee Inatta, to himj InattaQ, to her 



Elnaliki, I, me Eckatctci, thee, &c. Ecnalta, him, &c. 



^^■- ^^'"'.1 [fragment] f'' 1^, , ^^' V*'"! I [frag.] 



Iw,Ay,i,S ^ Eh, kfrag.] At, It, t,ti,^ "- 



Ayah,] 



Nakni, we Konwi, ye NoQni, they 



Ennay, of us Eniiian, of you Ensan,Ensant, [f. ?] of them 



Inakni, to us Jhonw'i, to you InoQn'i, to them 



E^tiahni, ns, &iC. Eckonwi, -^ow, he. EcnoQnt,\.\\em, &lc. 



Ay, Ay ay, ) rf,-i Kom, Kam, ~\ AQan, Idan, Odni,' 



Nay,*Ayni,} J Van, Am, (.rf.n Qan, San, ("[fr] 



[fr.] 

 Ahkoni, Kona, i Sant, Sand, (f. ?) 



Awni, J 



The fragments of the pronouns are suffixed, prefixed, and infixed; whicli 

 agrees better with Coptic, than with the Shemitic languages. Some verbs 

 take double prefixes or suffixes. Thus : — 



Afkiy-ah-at : Ecwinna awan-ti-jcadman : 



Dabo tibi id. Eos-qui vobis id faciuut. 



For the most part also, Ay't, Ayay, Ayak, Akhoni, Awni, Ti, Odni, are 

 used as prefixes ; others as suffixes or infixes. Also i is used after a pre- 

 position, iw after a substantive. Once only do we seem to find yi as a 

 suffix, for My. Other remarks might be made of the same kind. — N 

 appears characteristic of plurality, though in Kam, Am, it has changed 

 into M. Sometimes td stands for Me after a verb. Is d euphonic } 



Nadda, EO, Qan, seem to be the more primitive forms, whence are de- 

 duced Natta, Es or Et, San or Sant. In isolated positions we also find 

 Ayyas (him), Ayyusan (them), Ayyassi (me), Ayynsnay (us), Ayyanak 

 (thee). Are these borrowed from Arabic, wherein Ayyu is a mere ful- 

 chruni for suffix pronouns, as Hebrew JIX ? 



Natta sometimes becomes a conjunction. That, Because. We also find 

 demonstratives /^rt?/^i, celui-ci, fFinni, celui-la; the latter of which is a 

 little difficult of explanation. First, there is fVayyi, and adjective, Ayyi, 

 following its noun ; f. Qayyi; declinable also in cases. Next, theie is 

 TVanni, or TVinna • but adjective, Anni, Inni, f. Oanni, Qinni. The forms 

 fVoyanni, Ayanni, Qayanni, Qayyini, are also found. If we mistake not, 

 all of these demonstratives may be used as of either number. 



hntAnni and its derivatives but seldom express a pure demonstrative. 

 They are interrogative, or relative, or combine relative and its antecedent. 

 Thus Anwa ? Anni ? IFinna ? mean Who ? What ? What sort ? Whoever, 



* A^ay also means Or, Else, Moreover. 



