Essay towards a Grammar of the Berber Language. 173 



bar, information 5 Lamna, faith; Labna, building. lu these, L sometimes 

 looks like the Arabic article. 



Zr Oimazriwd, vision, sight. 

 SI EdmasliwQ, report, hearing. 

 Zl ©imazHwQ, sacrifice, offering. 



AlziltaQ, praying. 

 A r Qaddh-0, \ 



I Ettama^ord, / ^'^'"S. sustenance. 

 Agl EttacguU, \\'n\o\v. 

 Tiy @iya/i/aw9, falling. 

 Z/«r EltnzmarQ. power. 

 Fos Oayya/osQ, right hand. 



The fondness for an initial 9, with feminine nouns, is such as to lead 

 them thus to remodel many Arabic nouns. As, Qamdint, city, for Medinet- 

 eoddar, village, country ; from IJclr ; and see Qaddiirt, aI)ove. The 6 also 

 becomes r ; as from yawioa (strength), aryawwa, by the influence of y. 



Verbal substantives, fornied by initial M, are of course introduced from 

 Arabic ; but there are various instances of the same thing in Berber roots j 

 as, Ilol (to be born), Milol (birth) ; Izwir, (to jjroceed), Mazwar, (pro- 

 cess) j Ihsa (to graze as swine), Maksavi (a shepherd). 



Arabic is manifestly the basis of religious vocabulary to the Berbers, as 

 the following list of words will show. — 



God, .Jesus Christ, Lord or Sir, Spirit, Virgin, Angel, Devil, Demons, 

 Paradise, Kingdom, Tenet, Minister, Thank, Love, Joy, Rejoice, Bless, 

 Praise, Glorify, Glory, Relieve, Salute, IJow the head. Circumcise, Bap- 

 tize, Preach, Priest, Prophet, Temple or Synagogue, Mystery, Parable, 

 Comparison, Passover, Feast, Custom, Peace, Blessed, Reward, Request, 

 Repentance, Forgive, Grace, Mercy, Law, Soul, Life, Death, .Just, Useful, 

 Be lawful, Wisdom, Knowledge, Witness, Virtuous, IJoly, Master or 

 Teacher, Le|)rosy, C'leansing. 



The following also have been remarked as Arabic : — Power (four dif- 

 ferent words). Magistrate, Deputy or Steward, Information, Stature, Writ- 

 ing or Book, Tablet, Perform, Anoint, Help, Pass by. Work, Smooth, 

 Build, Turn, I^ive, ])ie. Dead man, (io. Begin, End, Oppress, Destroy, 

 Harm, A])proacli, Increase, Fear, I3e fitting. Speed, Darkness, Dew, Dawn, 

 Strong, Completion, Cry aloud; Arrive; Father, Mother, Babe, Name, 

 Parents, Neighbours, Flocks, Herdsmen, Sea, the Deep, Ship, Desart, 

 Outside, (;ity. Region, Earth, Raiment, Butter, Oil, Wine, Roof, Bedstead, 

 Stone, Fruit, Space, Time, New, Good (subst.), More, Midst, Root, &c. 



It will be expected, that in some cases the sense of the Arabic word is 

 partially modified ; yet it is in all these very easy to trace. 



In some cases the deviation from the Arabic is worthy of remark : 

 qara in Berber means, to call aloud; to call or speak; to call by a 



