1 74 Essay towards a Grammar of the Berber Language. 



name or give a name ; to recite or read aloud ; to read ; to give a lecture 

 or preach. All these senses are found united in Hebrew, though not in 

 Arabic. 



Iqdac, k\uTovpyri(T£, he ministered, (in holy things,) has the Hebrew '■!> 

 Yet Qaddhs (holy) is found also with the Arabic s. 



Cayal (work), seems to have become ecclesiastical ; " the course of 

 Abia," "the order of his course." 



Cukr (thanks), has produced in Berber, Ickar, he pronounced a blessing 

 .... on God or man ; kfiaKapiaiv ; and Cakra, c6t,a, glory, splendour. 



El djannad, bliss I as Elizabeth to Mary, " Paradise [i. e. blessing] be 

 to her who believed." This is one out of many cases, where the Berbers 

 airree with the Hebrews in preferring final to t final, as a feminine ter- 

 mination. 



Xadam (he served), becomes Ijccam, which sometimes means (he work- 

 ed), but ordinarily (he did).— Just so in modern Greek 'iKafie, he did, he 

 made. 



^ali, in Arabic, High, Tall, Noble, Glorious ; in Berber is the familiar 

 term for Good, in every .sense. The frequent prefixing of the Arabic 

 article to ^ali by the Berbers, appears a presumption that the word came 

 to them from the Arabs :— if indeed el^ali be not the true word. 



Baya or Bayi in Arabic has Petiit, Qucesivit, as one meaning ; in the 

 seventh form, Convenit, Decuit. Tn Berber, it is the common word for 

 Foluit; with the senses of Propriety, Suitability, Desert, often combined. 

 If we mistake not, it also forms a future past tense, as English would. 



I.aft, clear, pellucid. In Berber, lafa, he was clean (of leprosy) } Sff#, 

 he cleansed (another). 



Zid, follows in Berber the Hebrew sense of Sin ; seldom the Arabic of 

 Surplus, Excess. 



Baptize is expressed by the Arabic jammed (confirm") ; a word thus 

 distorted by the Arabs themselves ; by aabbir, also to confirm, or to be- 

 come sponsor, and in Berber, to console ; bat besides, we find for the same 

 Icham (rained, beat, vi. 49), Itkal, E^kaz, and the substantives, Aswas- 

 yar, Assabya : (qu. dip ? sprinkle ? wash ?) 



Karrez is the Arabic word generally employed by the Berber translator 

 for Preach ; but elsewhere he uses it for To sow ; which in the parable of 

 the sower sounds odd. 



But to carry on any available criticism on such details, an acquaintance 

 with the Arabic of Barbary is requisite. It would be curious to learn, 

 whether the tendency to use S, S, for d, t, and contrariwise to reject cc, fiO, 

 for dd, tt, in which the Berbers and Hebrews appear to agree, as con- 

 trasted with the Arabs, is likewise prevalent among the Moors. 



But to show that the original material of the language is not Arabic, we 

 shall now give as ample a vocabulary as our limits permit j for the most 

 part omitting words that are obviously Arabic. 



