32 On the Process of making Spirits in 



the process, and it is also furnished with several valves 

 which open upwards as shewn at e, e, e, e, whenever the 

 vapour is in such quantity as not to find a free passage 

 through the perforations. 



A pipe V, V, descends from this diaphragm nearly to the 

 bottom of the lower chamber B, into a pan forming a steam 

 trap, and there is a valve on the top of this pipe which can 

 be opened or shut at pleasure, by means of a rod t, passing 

 through a stuffing box on the top of the vessel. Glass 

 tubes at x, x, shew at all times the level of the liquor in 

 the chambers BB'. 



The column C, D, E, F, which is called the analyzer, 

 consists of twelve chambers fffff formed by the interposi- 

 tion of eleven copper diaphragms gh gh, &c, similar to 

 the large diaphragm c, d, that is to say, these eleven dia- 

 phragms are perforated with very numerous holes, and 

 furnished with valves opening upwards. To each of them 

 is also attached a dropping pipe p p p, &c, by which the 

 liquor is allowed to flow from plate to plate ; the upper end 

 of each of those pipes projects an inch or two above the 

 plate in which it is inserted, so as to retain at all times dur- 

 ing the distillation, a stratum of wash of that depth on each 

 diaphragm ; the lower end of each pipe dips a little way 

 into a shallow pan lying on the diaphragm underneath, 

 forming thus a steam trap by which the escape of vapour 

 through the pipe is prevented. The pipes are inserted at 

 alternate ends of the diaphragm as shewn in the figure. 



The column G, H, I, K is divided, in a similar manner 

 to that just described, into chambers by interposed copper 

 plates or diaphragms. There are 15 chambers in this column, 

 the lowermost ten k k k &c, constitute the rectifier, and its 

 diaphragms are perforated and furnished with valves and 

 dropping pipes, precisely similar to those of the analyzer. 



The uppermost five of these frames form the finished 

 spirit condenser, and are separated from the other ten by a 

 copper sheet, or diaphragm, without small perforations, 

 but having a large opening at W for the passage of the 

 spirituous vapour, and a dropping pipe at S. There is a 

 neck about the opening W, rising an inch or so above the 

 surface of the diaphragm, which prevents the return of any 

 finished spirit by that opening. 



