Great Britain and Ireland. 35 



of the pipe V, and discharges the contents of B' into B ; 

 then shutting the valve, the wash from the analyzer again 

 accumulates in B , and, when it is a second time nearly full, 

 the contents of the lower chamber B are discharged from 

 the apparatus altogether, through the cock N, and the 

 charge in B' let down into B, by opening the valve as be- 

 fore, and thus the process goes on so long as there is any 

 wash to supply the pump. When all the wash is gone, a 

 quantity of water is let into the reservoir L, and pumped 

 through the pipes m m, to finish the process and obtain the 

 last portions of alcohol. This winding up of the operation 

 by sending water through the pipes, takes place on the 

 distillation of every back of wash, in consequence of an 

 Excise regulation, which requires the distiller to keep the 

 produce of each back separate from that of any other. 

 Were it not for this regulation the distillation would go on 

 uninterruptedly, so long as there was any wash in stock ; 

 the addition of water for winding up would be necessary 

 but once during the distilling period, and the manufacturer 

 would save much time and fuel at present wasted by these 

 interruptions. 



It has been already said, that in the ordinary course of 

 the operation, the wash is stripped of all its alcohol by the 

 time it has reached the bottom of the analyzer, but, as a 

 precautionary measure, the chambers B' B have been su- 

 peradded, in each of which the spent wash is exposed for 

 about half an hour to the action of the steam blowing 

 through it. 



There is a small apparatus (not shewn in the engraving) 

 by which a portion of the steam in the chamber B' is con- 

 densed, cooled, and made to flow constantly through a 

 sample jar, in which is an hydrometer, or, what is better, 

 two glass bubbles, one of the specific gravity 1000, the other 

 998. The attendant knows all is right when these bubbles, 

 or even the lightest of them, floats in the sample. And thus, 

 the chamber B may be emptied without any risk of loss. 



The course of the wash being understood, that of the 

 steam will require very little description. 



The steam, as it rises, is first blown through the charges 

 of spent wash in the chambers B B, thence it passes up 

 through the layers of wash on the eleven diaphragms of 



d 2 



