50 On Madder, and 



compared with the hest Turkey-red it differs, in so far as 

 that it does not present the pink or blueish mixture which 

 madder-purple forms with the mordanted oiled cotton (ge- 

 beizten oelkattun). When both shades, the scarlet-red 

 and the purple-red, are found mixed in Turkey-red, there 

 is then a double compound formed with the madder-purple, 

 madder-red, and mordanted oiled cotton. The different 

 shades may be mixed at pleasure ; for, if we wish to give 

 more scarlet, a little more madder-red should be added ; if 

 a greater tinge of purple is required, an addition of madder- 

 purple will answer the purpose. 



It has been already remarked, under madder-purple, 

 that 1G0 parts of oiled cotton will be dyed of a clearer, 

 darker, and more complete colour, by 1 part of madder- 

 purple, than the half, or 80, of common alum-mordanted 

 cotton. With madder-red the proportion is still more im- 

 portant. If we use double the quantity of dye, viz. 44 oiled 

 cotton, 1 madder-red, 1 chalk, we obtain a colour which 

 is not so intense as a colour produced by 44 alum-mor- 

 danted cotton, with a double portion of madder-red, where 

 a considerable quantity of red gum is formed in the vat. 



With tin, lead, and copper mordants, madder-red affords 

 ugly colours, viz. reddish-yellow, brownish-red, and 

 brownish-violet. With iron mordant, however, by using 

 a strong solution, and then washing the cloth, a beautiful 

 lilac-violet colour is formed, which becomes very dark by 

 the addition of chalk. 



It is the madder-red which forms the violet and lilac 

 colours obtained by means of Avignon madder and strong 

 iron mordant. The violet of madder-purple is also fine, but 

 it requires the employment of blue clay (blaue thon) which 

 distinguishes it from madder-red violet. Hence, therefore, 

 alumina is the proper mordant for madder-purple, while 

 the last gives a beautiful red without addition. So is it the 

 oxide of iron for madder-red in relation to lilac-violet, which 

 distinguishes both in combination. 



Soap, carbonate of soda, and clay, act differently upon 

 madder- red, according as it has been dyed with or without 

 chalk. Cloth dyed without chalk is acted on by soap, in 

 the proportion of 1 soap to 3 cloth, becomes pale, and loses 

 much of its lustre; while cloth dyed with chalk, even after 



