140 On Madder, and 



of light. Notwithstanding- this action, the munjeet-red 

 must be valued on account of its pure red colour, as its rela- 

 tion to soap, soda, and alum, shows. And, although it will 

 not answer for producing Turkey- red, it may be employed 

 with advantage for the formation of a clear red upon a 

 white ground. It has the advantage over all kinds of 

 madder, that it has no tendency to encroach upon the white 

 ground; and this is still less the case, when clay is added 

 in dyeing. The red, thus formed, is so clear, that the use 

 of all purifying methods is saved. Munjeet gives, with 

 iron mordant, shades which are very similar to those pro- 

 duced by madder-red. Munjeet, therefore, if the price is 

 not too high, may be employed to form the common mad- 

 der-red colour. 



It is important to inform the dyer, that in consequence 

 of the dry nature of munjeet, it does not easily take up 

 water, especially when it is cold. It must, therefore, be 

 digested with some hot water, or boiled, or macerated 

 with cold water, before it is employed in dyeing. 



Opinion of Herrn Dannenberger. — Two trials indicated 

 that the root dyed well by itself, and that the stalks possessed 

 very little colouring matter. One part of cloth impreg- 

 nated with mordant was dyed with two parts munjeet, and 

 gave a red colour. The addition of clay produced a pink, 

 but dull shade, which is very sensible to common salt, soap, 

 and the light of the sun. Two parts clay and one part 

 munjeet give a better result than 3 clay to 1 of munjeet ; an 

 addition of chalk, or alkaline carbonate, prevents the mun- 

 jeet from giving any of its colouring matter. The addition 

 cf \ part sumach to 1 part munjeet produces the most 

 saturated, solid, though brownish colour, while 1 part 

 munjeet to 1 cloth dyes much better than as much mun- 

 jeet alone ; and 2 parts munjeet and J part sumach to 1 

 part stuff give the most saturated colour. If the latter 

 colour be compared with that produced with Dutch madder 

 (value, 19| Prussian dollars per centner), with the addi- 

 tion of sumach, it will be perceived that 2 parts munjeet 

 give out almost as much colouring matter as 1 part Dutch 

 madder. Its value may, therefore, be calculated at 9§- 

 dollars per centner. The price of the finest Silesian autumn 

 red (herbstrothe), in Feb., 1834, was 13 dollars. The cause 



