The Art of Dyeing . 385 



calico which the given quantity of the colouring matter 

 can dye. 



As, however, the portions of calico dyed first are often, 

 as has been stated, super-saturated with colouring matter, 

 a second trial is necessary, which consists in dyeing as much 

 mordanted calico as before, with the addition of ^, ■£, or A 

 more, but all at once. When this result is compared with 

 the former, the necessary quantity of colouring matter will 

 be readily determined, without having recourse to a third 

 experiment. 



These distinctions are only available for calico impreg- 

 nated with the alum mordant No. 1. For iron and mixed 

 mordants they must be re-arranged, since these combine in 

 other proportions with the cotton fibre from the alum mor- 

 dant, and require, therefore, different quantities of colour- 

 ing matter for saturation, or for producing the requisite 

 shade. 



(To be continued.) 



Article VIII. 



ANALYSES OF BOOKS. 



I. — Der Angehvule Botaniker oder kurzer unci leichtfaszliche 

 anleitung, die Pflanzen ohne Veihulfe eines lehrers kennen 



und bestimmen zu lemen von T. A.F. Schmidt, Ilmenau, 1834. 

 The first chapter describes the organs of plants. The 2nd, 3rd, 

 4th, and 5th, treat of the root, stem and bark ; the 6th and 7th, the 

 anatomical structure of plants ; the 8th to 17th, are devoted to the 

 description of the flowers with their different parts ; the 18th to the 

 21st, treat of the fruit and seeds ; the 22nd to the 28th, make us 

 acquainted with the different botanical systems, as those of Linneus, 

 Jussieu and Reichenbach. 



The two first are sufficiently well known ; but an acquaintance 

 with that of Reichenbach is not so generally diffused. His system is 

 founded on the developement of the life of plants, or on the meta- 

 morphoses of plants. According to his view, the life of plants may 

 be divided into two distinct periods, viz., a period anterior to growth, 

 (Vorleben) when the plant is in the form of a seed-bud, and the 

 second period exists in perfection, when the plant becomes possessed 

 of a stem and flower. He divides plants into eight classes. 



A. Class Inophyta, fibrous plants, which possess the power of living 

 in the earth, and are independent of light. 



I. l'lants with shoots, (Keimpflanzen) 1 class Fungi, (order 1) 

 Gymmomycetes, Formation I. Blastomycetes, (Shooting fungi) 1. 

 Uredinei, 2. Tubercularei. Formation II. Hyphomycetes, (Fibrous 



VOL. III. 2 c 



