478 Scientific Intelligence, 6fc. 



1. Water forming one half of its weight. 



2. Sub-carhonate of ammonia. 



3. A resin separated in the form of grains. 



4. Carbon in powder. 



5. Resin forming part of the liquid. 



6. Animal matter of a greenish-yellow colour. 



7. The saline matter of healthy bile. 

 No albumen. 



No picromel. 

 It thus differed from healthy bile in containing less water, and in 

 being destitute of picromel and albumen ; and also in containing 

 resin and carbon in suspension, as well as sub-carbonate of ammonia 

 produced probably by the alterations of the other principles of the bile, 

 a change which is evinced by the powerful odour of the yellowish 

 green animal matter. — Memorie della Accad. di Torino, xxxvi. 200. 



XV.— Phloridzin. 

 This substance is prepared by boiling the bark of the fresh root of 

 the apple (the dry root contains very little) during two hours in a 

 quantity of water sufficient to cover the bark. The liquid is decanted 

 and a second decoction made, which is added to the first. Next day 

 a quantity of crystals of phloridzin will have been deposited, 

 which may be purified by treatment with distilled water and 

 animal charcoal. By evaporation to one-fifth the crystals are de- 

 posited. By this method 3 per cent, of phloridzin is obtained from 

 the bark. By digesting the fresh bark of the root in weak alcohol 

 at the temperature of 50° for 8 or 10 hours, 5 per cent, may be 

 obtained. It has a bitter taste, crystallizes in white silky needles 

 with a yellowish shade ; 1000 parts of water dissolve only 1 part 

 of phloridzin from 0° to 22 J . From 22° to 100°, it dissolves in all 

 proportions. Its specific gravity at 19° (66°^), is 1-4298. At 

 212° loses all its water of crystallization. When dried at the com- 

 mon temperature, it retains 7 per cent. It fuses at 108° (226° ^) a 

 and boils at 177 u (350°). At 193° (379-°4), it begins to decompose 

 giving out benzoic acid, pyro-acetic spirit and a brown oil heavier 

 than water. Nitric acid converts it into oxalic acid. Muriatic 

 acid converts it into a white substance. The alkalies and acetic acid 

 dissolve it without producing any alteration in it. Chlorine, bro- 

 mine and iodine form with it a brown resinous substance soluble in 

 alcohol. Sulphated per-oxide of iron forms a brown precipitate. 

 Per-chloride of iron gives a similiar precipitate. Acetate of lead 

 gives a white precipitate. Chlorine water affords a yellow preci- 

 pitate. The following are two analyses of it : 



Koninck. Petersen. 



Carbon, . . 50-905 56-921 



Hydrogen, . 5-569 5-810 



Oxygen, . . 43-526 37-274 



Koninck has employed it with success in intermittent fever in the 

 dose of from 10 to 15 grains. Its combination with the oxide of lead 

 consisted of 57-26 oxide, and 42-74 phloridzin. — Journal de 

 Pharmacie, Feb., 1836. 



