412 THE VAGABOND CRAMBUS. 



They spin their cocoons late in May, which are placed uprigut 

 in the ground just below the surface. They do not pupate till 

 the first of August, and do not emerge as moths till late in the 

 same month. 



Prof. J. A. Lintner, who has given an excellent account of 

 this pest in his 1st An. Eep., speaks of several enemies, parasitic 

 and predaceous, which are probably what keep this pest from do 

 ing greater damage. He also suggests burning by firing the 

 pastures. He further recommends trying a liberal application of 

 lime, plaster, ashes, and especially gas-lime. Plowing in autumn 

 would doubtless destroy the eggs. We may reasonably hope that 

 we shall not have frequent attacks of this insect ; possibly it will 

 never do so much damage again. Yet it has come once, and so 

 we may at least fear that it will again, and to be fore-warned is 

 to be fore-armed. 



Before closing it is well to state that in company with the 

 above Prof. Lintner found a caterpillar, the larva of a moth com- 

 mon in Michigan and all through the North. It is Nephelodes 

 violans. I have space only to state that it was not very injurious, 

 though may increase and become so at any time. What has 

 been said as to habits, and especially of remedies, in relation to 

 the Crambus and army worms, will probably be true of this in- 

 sect if it should ever become a serious enemy. 



I have not space to describe more of the insects noxious to our 

 grasses. Those described are the only ones which have given 

 anxiety, and while the others may become more niimerous and 

 therefore harmful, they are not likely to do so. In connection 

 with the list given above I have referred to authors who have 

 written upon each insect, and in many cases not only are the de- 

 scriptions full but excellent illustrations add to the interest and 

 value of the treatises. It is not unlikely tha" new enemies will 

 attack our forage crops; but if so they will almost certainly be 

 like one or more of the old familiar ones, and so by studying 



