191 2. No. 14. THE HYDROGRAPHIC OBSERVATIONS. 29 



never been observed in it farther in than Cape Auguste Viktoria, within 

 which there are no glaciers reaching down to the fjord, whereas in Liefde 

 Bay several glaciers run down to the water. 



A peculiarity of Wood Bay, and also in a greater degree of Bock Bay, 

 is the warm water. Although Bock Ba}?^ has several glaciers on its west 

 side, one of which reaches the bay, the water in this ba}^ is even warmer 

 than that in Wood Bay, a circumstance which led, during Isachsen's expe- 

 dition in 1910, to the discovery of the warm springs. 



A great fault runs out towards the south-south-east from Little 

 Red Bay. It crosses Reindeer Land and Liefde Ba3^ and is seen on the 

 south side of that bay a little to the west of Cape Roos. It then con- 

 tinues across the peninsula between Liefde Bay and Wood Bay, and once 

 more enters the sea north of Friedrich Glacier, after which it runs south- 

 south-east along Bock Bay and Karl Glacier. West of this fault occur 

 pre-Devonian mica-schists, crystalline limestones, quartzites and granites. 

 At some places there are found, above these rocks, eroded remains of 

 Upper Silurian conglomerates and more especially green sandstones. On 

 the east side of the fault where the land has sunk, there is principali}' old 

 red sandstone. On the east side of Wood Ba}' these sandstones are con- 

 cordand}' lying below clay-slates belonging to the so-called Grey Hoek for- 

 mation. Both the Upper Silurian and the Lower Devonian sandstones, as 

 also the slates of the Grey Hoek formation, are rich in fossils, trunk-fish 

 and mussels being the most important. These formations have also under- 

 gone folding, which has most affected the slates of the Grey Hoek forma- 

 tion. About the inner part of Wood Bay, there is a covering of basalt 

 over a number of the mountain-tops, this being the eroded remains of a 

 former continuous basalt covering, which is probably of Cretacean or Terti- 

 ary age. Traces of still more recent volcanic activity are to be seen in 

 the volcanic cone of Mt. Sverre on the west side of Bock Bay, and in 

 the warm springs occurring there. Rocks similar to those in Mt. Sverre 

 are also found in Mt. Halvdan and Mt. Sigurd, near Wood Bay. 



On both sides of the entrance to Liefde Bay, at Welcome Point and 

 Grey Hoek. there are wide lowlands, that on the west side, Reindeer Land, 

 being the largest. Farther up the fjords there is no lowland, and the 

 mountains descend to the sea in slopes more or less steep. In most places 

 the waves have built up a low cliff, which alternates with flat shores with 

 lagoons, separated from the sea by low sandy spits. 



