42 Mr G. F. Scott Elliot on Recent Researches [sess. li. 



fomentarius, which are thick walled, and have a very narrow 

 lumen, contained 10 per cent, of proteid matter, most of 

 which must have been in the walls of the hyphae. 



Besides direct evidence, there is a very large number of 

 observations which point indirectly to the same conclusion. 

 Various observers, e.g., Berthold,* Terletzki,t Schaarschmidt,;]; 

 and Fromman,^ have discovered protoplasm in intercellular 

 spaces of a large variety of tissues. It is true that the two 

 last-mentioned observers state they also found chlorophyll 

 grains in these spaces, which would go to prove that the 

 protoplasm had been included by the cell-walls during 

 formation of the latter ; but this observation, which seems 

 unlikely, has been contradicted by Ptussow.|| PfefferIF has 

 observed protoplasm in the intercellular spaces of the mobile 

 organs of Mimosa (also noticed by Eussow**), and in the 

 same paper he points out that the stimulus must be conveyed 

 through the ivalls of the epidermis cells. Eussow also states 

 that in the cortex of the privet large intercellular spaces, which 

 are undoubtedly of schizogenous origin, are lined by a delicate 

 layer, which he considers to be protoplasmic in nature. 

 Schenck,tt who has also examined this lining in the privet 

 and in a large number of other cases, considers its proto- 

 plasmic nature not proved. I find that with iodine and 

 sulphuric acid (as Schenck also observed) one gets the same 

 appearance in the middle lamella^ but the substance is 

 not cutin after Schenck, and it certainly does not give the 

 ordinary cutin reaction. Professor Bower|| has pointed out 

 that the formation of cutin, wax, &c., within tlie cell-wall 

 (suljstances, that is to say, which differ f\mdamentally from 

 cellulose, and are insoluble in water) point to the same con- 

 clusion — the presence of protoplasm within the wall. De 

 Jjary§§ states that the cutinised spines of uredospores {e.g., 

 Phragmicliuiii) ilo not appc^ar till the cell -wall has reached f\dl 



* Berthold, Bcr. d. dent. hot. Gcfs., ii., 1884. 



t Terletzki, Tier. d. dcut. Bot. Ocs., ii., 1884. 



X Schaarschmidt, Nature, 1885, p. 290. 



§ Froiiiinan, Jiiicdsche Zrit,., xviii., 1885. 



II Russow, Silz. d. iJorpat. JVa/vr. Ges., 1884 ; 9.ec London Roy. Mir. .Towmal, 



1885, p. 820. 



H rfefler, Unlersue.h. Bot. Inst. Tubingen, 1885, Hcfl 4, VA. i. 



** KusBow, Bot, (Jentralblatt, xvii., 1883. 



+t Sclieiick.iV/-. d. deut. Bot. Oes., iii., 1885; RecBot. Centralhlatt,VA. xxvi., 



1886, p. 300. ++ Bower, Proc. Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci., 1883, p. 535. 

 §§ De Bary, Frrrj/dch Morph. n. Biol. d. I'ilze., 1886, p. 145. 



