1887-88.] Galls of Nonvay. _ 203 



more prominent, and bears a small central umbo. After a 

 time they become far more conspicuous, owing to changing 

 to a pale brown colour. The larva have not yet been reared 

 from them. 



3. Upward-rolled thickened leaf-margins that appear to 

 be the galls of Ccddomyia Tilicc (Schranck), H. Loew ; but I 

 found them only on one tree, and in too withered a condition 

 to permit of certainty, as there was no trace of the larvte in 

 them. Smiilar galls occur near Aberdeen. 



4. On a twig I found two galls that agree well with some 

 of the galls of Sciara tilicola, Winnertz, that I possess from 

 other localities. They are rounded, fleshy, but hard swellings, 

 about G or 8 mm. in diameter, and situated near the tip of 

 the twig. This gall occurs in Britain, and is common on tlie 

 Continent. 



5. Ceratoneon extensum, Bremi, or the " nail-galls " of limes. 

 — These well-known galls are widely distributed in Europe, 

 and are found in various parts of Scotland. Their peculiar 

 form, like small nails or rifle-bullets projecting from the upper 

 surface of the leaf, renders their recognition easy ; they are 

 the work of a gall-mite (Fhytoj^tus sp.). 



6. Erincmn Uliaccum, Persoon, originally described by 

 Persoon as a fungus, but now known to be the work of gall- 

 mites of the genus Phytoptus, was not uncommon in the form 

 of patches, 4 to 10 mm. across, on the lower surface of the 

 leaves. These are pale, or tend to become violet or purple, 

 and have a velvety appearance, due to the numerous erect 

 simple hairs that form the gall ; between the hairs live the 

 mites. This gall has been found in various places in Scot- 

 land, and it is recorded from Germany and from Austria. 



7. On a sinsie leaf that I brought from Eide, and which 

 may belong to T. grandifolia, Ehrh., are several galls about 

 the size of hemp-seed, in the axils of the chief veins. They 

 are hard and rather prominent, but smooth, above ; their 

 lower surface is covered with a considerable tuft of rusty- 

 brownish hairs, similar to, but much more abundant than 

 the usual hairs in the axils of the chief veins. This gall 

 also is the work of a species of Phytoptus. It is probably 

 the Erineum Hfrons of Le Pelletier de St Fargeau. I have 

 specimens of this gall from Perthshire. It is recorded from 

 Germany and from Austria. 



