1887-88.] Galls of Norway. 207 



becomes slightly thickened and fleshy, and either yellowish 

 green or reddish yellow, passing into purple on the surface 

 most exposed to light. The reduplicated margin does not 

 exceed 2 mm. in breadth, but it varies much in length, 

 though usually between 25 and 60 mm. As a rule, most 

 of the leaves on a stem are more or less galled. It was, of 

 course, impossible to identify the gall-maker from the larvte 

 alone, and the only mention that I can find of a Psyllid as 

 living on Epilobium is the enumeration by Mr J. Scott, in a 

 list of " Food Plants of the species of Psyllidse found in Great 

 Britain" {Ent. 31. Mag., xix. p. 14), of Ajjhalara nchulosa, 

 Zett., as living on U. angustifolium, but without any indica- 

 tion of his grounds for the statement, or of the habits of the 

 insect, wdiether gall-making or otherwise. 



Loniccra Xijlosteum, Linn. — On this honeysuckle, in Septem- 

 ber 1878, I found, near Christiania, numerous examples of 

 deformities produced by a Phytoptus on the leaves. These 

 pseudo-galls consist of irregular wavy folds of the margins, 

 and of scattered patches on any part of the surface of the 

 leaf, which is thereby caused to assume a crumpled appear- 

 ance, evidently due to the irritation produced by the suction 

 of the mites, inducing hypertrophy of the diseased spots, the 

 lateral expansion of which is restrained by the healthy 

 portions around them. The mites live in the folds thus 

 formed, which open on the upper surface of the leaf. This 

 gall has been recorded from various parts of Germany, Lower 

 Austria, the Tyrol, and Switzerland. I am not aware of the 

 occurrence of galls on L. Xylosteum in Britain ; but I have 

 found at Cawdor, near Forres, a mite-gall on L. Peridymcnum, 

 which is regarded by Dr Thomas as the work of the same 

 species of mite, the difference in form being attributed to the 

 stage of development and the position of the leaves in the 

 bud when the mites begin operations. In the latter plant 

 the galled portion is a furrow nearly parallel to the edge of 

 the leaf, and separated from it by a border of healthy tissue 

 from 1 to 5 mm. broad. The furrow opens on the upper 

 surface of the leaf, as in L. Xylosteum ; but the appearance of 

 the affected leaves is markedly distinct in the two plants. 

 The galls on L. Perichjmenum have been found near Gothen- 

 burg, in Sweden. 



Galium verum, Linn. — Near Vik, in Hardanger, last 



