208 Professor Trail on the [sess. lii. 



August, I picked up a stem of this Bedstraw, the leaves of 

 which were almost all rolled by a Phytoptus lengthwise to 

 form narrow tubes, in which the mites live. The deformity 

 is very inconspicuous. It is of frequent occurrence in 

 Scotland, and has been recorded from many localities in 

 Germany and the Tyrol. 



G. loreale, Linn. — Last August I found numerous plants 

 between Eide and Graven, affected with a diseased condition 

 approaching that described by Dr F. Loew ( Verh. Zool. Bot. 

 Ges. Wicn, xxxvii. pp. 25-27), from Lower Austria. The 

 leaves towards the tips of the affected stems bear rather stiff 

 hairs, sometimes in streaks, sometimes covering their surface 

 and extending along the internodes between the whorls. The 

 leaves, especially when seriously attacked, remain stunted, 

 and show a tendency to curve upwards along the sides; and 

 they may be found occasionally forming a scarcely complete 

 tube. The hairs vary a good deal in length (the longest 

 being about 7 mm.), and in colour they vary from hyaline 

 to pale rusty, brown, or dull violet. Last October I met 

 with the same deformity on Galium horeale beside the Dee, 

 a few miles from Aberdeen. It has been recorded from 

 Siberia also. 



Valeriana officinalis, Linn. — A single leaf picked up last 

 year at Odde, in Hardanger, was distorted to form a pseudo- 

 gall. The midrib in the middle of the leaf, and three or 

 four of the middle segments, are twisted and thickened, so as 

 to surround a space in which were some white larvte of a 

 Cecidornyia. The galled portion of the leaf is yellowish 

 green, changing through dull red to brown. Galls similar 

 to this occur in Aberdeenshire and Kincardineshire ; but I 

 know of no record of their occurrence elsewhere. 



Achillea Millcfulium, Linn. — Galls of a nematoid worm 

 {Tijhnchus Milh'folii, F. Loew), were found by me last 

 August, at Odde, on a plant of the Yarrow. They were 

 first described by Dr Loew in 1873 (Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. 

 Wien, xxiv. pp. 18-24), from near Vienna. They especially 

 affect the base leaves of stunted plants in dry situations, and 

 are very inconspicuous, except when they twist the leaves, 

 the appearance of which then indicates the presence of the 

 galls. The latter are oval, or irregularly rounded fleshy 

 swellings, sometimes on the midrib, sometimes on the large 



