210 Professor Trail on the [sess. lii. 



Boiiche. They are rounded or oval swellings of the stems, 

 most often situated at the point where the branches of the 

 inflorescence arise ; there they may be the size of a large 

 hazel-nut. Less often they involve the base of the indi- 

 vidual capitula, but are smaller in this situation. The 

 surface is like that of the stem. A section shows that the 

 gall consists of cellular pithy tissue surrounding numerous 

 oval spaces, each of which has a more compact wall around 

 it. In each cavity lives a larva. The galls of this insect 

 are common in Scotland — on^. cori/mhosum andH.sylvaticum; 

 and they have been recorded from various localities in Central 

 Europe — on U. murorum, H. umhellatum, &c. 



CamjMuula rotundifolia, Linn. — At Odde, in Hardanger, 

 last autumn, the ovaries of this plant were not seldom swollen, 

 forming the galls of a weevil, Gymnctron Canfijpanvloe, Gyll. 

 One side of the ovary is almost always more deformed than 

 the other, and this, together with their larger size, renders 

 them fairly conspicuous among the healthy seed vessels. 

 This gall is common in the north-east of Scotland, and it has 

 also been recorded from several localities on the Continent of 

 Europe. 



Veronica Chamcedrys, Linn. — The only Norwegian specimen 

 that I possess of the very common mite-gall known as Ccdy- 

 cophniora Vcronicce, Kirch ner, is from Christiania, where I 

 picked it up in 1878. The ovate terminal bud, about the 

 size of a large pea, with its pinkish-grey colour, due to its 

 coating of woolly hairs, is one of the most easily detected 

 and ideutified among mite-galls. The makers (Fkytojms sp.) 

 live between the imbricated leaves of the bud, and frequently 

 one finds along with them the larvte of a midge {Cec. Veronicce, 

 Bremi), which was formerly regarded as the gall-maker, but 

 is only an inquiline. This gall is very common in Scotland, 

 and has been recorded from many places in Germany, Austria, 

 and Switzerland. 



Nepcta Gkdioma, Benth. — I have a specimen, gathered 

 near Trondhjem in 1878, which bears several galls of a 

 midge {Cec. hursaria, Bremi) on the leaves. They are placed, 

 usually in groups of two or three together, on the upper 

 surface, on which th(iy stand erect. They resemble rifle 

 bullets in form, and are 3 or 4 nnu. in height. Their sur- 

 face is covered with hairs. When mature they break away 



