l88r-88.] Galls of Norway. 219 



DiPTERA. 



Trypeta solstitialis, Linn, (sub nom. Tephritis solstitialis), at 

 Christiania and Eidsvold. (I have reared this fly from 

 galled flower-heads of Centaurea niyra, gathered near 

 Aberdeen ; it is said by Kaltenbach to gall Carduus 

 nutans, C. crispus, C. acanthoides, Cnicics lanceolatus, 

 Centaurea Scahiosa, C. Jacca, and C. montana.) 



Lauocania ccnea, Fallen, at Christiania, and in several other 

 localities. (This fly is said by Winnertz to gall the 

 ovaries of the Viola arvensis and of V. tricolor; but I 

 have not found confirmation of this statement by any 

 other author ; and I have never found galled ovaries 

 on these plants, though the fly is not scarce in the 

 vicinity of Aberdeen.) 



Hormomyia juniper ina, Linn, (sub nom. Lasioptera juniperina), 

 at Nystuen and at Kongsvold (galls juniper buds, see 

 above). 



Herr Sch0yen gives an account of a disease called Krol\ 

 which he observed in 1885, to be prevalent in the district of 

 Lorn, where it had been observed as early as 1849 by Moe 

 and Norman. He traced the cause to the formation of very 

 numerous small galls on the roots. In these he found a 

 profusion of Nematoid worms, both sexes of which were 

 mature, so that he was able to determine that they belonged 

 to a previously undescribed species, which he named Tylenchus 

 Hordei. The galls of this species have also been detected 

 on barley at Pajala m the north of Sweden, and at Karasjok 

 in Norwegian Finmark. Herr Sch0yen compares the galls 

 with those found by Dr Warming on Elymus arenarius on 

 the coast of Zealand in Denmark, and by myself on the 

 same plant near Aberdeen, and comes to the conclusion that 

 all are the work of the same species of Tylenchus. His 

 description and figures quite support this conclusion. 



[Note. — Since the above has been put in type I have observed in the Botan- 

 isches Covtralhlatt (vol. xxxiv. p. 18) a short notice of a work by Herr J. Brun- 

 chorst, entitled De vigtigste Plantesygdomme, published in Bergen last year. 

 It is said in the notice that the work is a popular account of diseases of jjlants, 

 and that in the last part of it the hurtful gall-growths are described. Not 

 having seen the book, I do not know in how far it adds to the above records.] 



