446 Mr Philip Sewell on the Flora of [skss. liii. 



At three stations in Lapland I had hurried opportunities 

 in which to botanise ; at Vard0 alone had I ample time to 

 collect and to observe. 



The stations in Lapland were : — 



Kdlle, August 1st and 2nd, lat. 70° 55', long. 27° 20' E. 



Vard0, August 3rd to Sept. 5th, lat. 70° 22', long. 31° 10' E. 



Vads0, August 15th, lat. 70° 5', long. 29° 50' E. 



Troms0, October 14th, lat. 68° 39', long. 19° E. 



It is very necessary, if comparison be made between the 

 collections from each station, to bear in mind any difference 

 in the time of the year, or in the length of time spent at such. 

 Thus had not winter arrived, or had our stay been for a 

 longer time at Troms0, much richer results would there 

 have been forthcoming. 



Physical Features in relation to the Flora. 



The two regions of northern Siberia and Lapland offer 

 almost opposite physical characters, whether comparison be 

 made at first sight in each case, or after more detailed 

 examination. 



Northern Siberia extends as an immense plain, which in 

 summer is a vast network of ponds and marshes, such as 

 defy the efforts of the traveller to cross them. This, the 

 " tundra " region, is, however, interrupted immediately to 

 the south of the Yugor Straits, by the outlying northernmost 

 spurs of the Ural range, which, as insignificantly low hills, 

 forming cliffs not 200 feet in height at the eastern entrance 

 to the Straits, extend northwards into Waigatz Island and 

 Novaya Zemlya. 



Lapland, on the contrary, is essentially mountainous. 

 Troms0, the southernmost of the stations visited, is situate 

 on an island in the midst of a noble fiord, around which are 

 peaks, snow-covered throughout the year, and reaching, it is 

 said, to a height of 5000 feet. 



It is true that in the vicinity of K0lle, Vard0, and Vads0 

 there is no land higher than 600 to 800 feet above sea-level 

 (on the island of Vard0 itself there is none that exceeds 200 

 feet), yet at no great distance from these stations are the 

 heights of the Loffodens to the S.W., and to the S.E. the 

 noble range along the Murman shore. 



It has been pointed out by Sir Joseph Hooker that tliere 



