1888-89.] the Coasts of Lapland and Siberia. 449 



part arising from an almost continuous sheet of Airiblystcgium 

 uncinatum, Sioliagnum, Jungerviannia, &c. 



About the Yugor Straits such slight elevations as occurred 

 were but poorly representative of the Lapland hill region 

 (I.) ; scattered rocks covered with Lichenes were noticeable 

 here and there, but the sole place characterised by the plants 

 of the rocky area (III.) was the more or less continuous 

 extent of gravel or sand which formed the beach. In the 

 drier places upon the slopes of the low cliffs, and bordering 

 the wide river-beds, wherever indeed the shales were 

 not covered by a marsh or peat soil, the commonest plant 

 was Dryas odopetala; among the rough network of this 

 were many plants preferring a comparatively well-drained 

 habitat. 



The soils and subsoils are perhaps only of much import- 

 ance, in so far as their mechanical structure allows of, or 

 prevents, the rapid passage away of the great amount of 

 surface water consequent upon the melting of the snows. 



The following lists may serve to indicate roughly the 

 common plants which inhabit more or less closely the 

 different areas : — Cochlearia, Arenaria peploides, Stellaria 

 media, Saxifraga rivularis, Matricaria, and Mertensia 

 maritima were commonly noticed along the shore. 



Upon the exposed hill slopes (I.) were oftenest — Cerastium, 

 Potentilla,Antennarium dioica, Gnaphalia, Vaccinium, Pyrola, 

 Loiscleuria, Arctostaphyllos, Diapensia, Betida nana, Em'petriLm, 

 Salix sps., Luzida sps., Carex sps., Juniperus, and often many 

 Lichens growing among the shrubby prostrate stems. 



Upon level turfy places [II. (a)] : — 



Ranuncukis sj^s. 



Thahctrum. 



Cardamine. 



Viola biflora. 



Cerastium. 



Geranium sylvaticum. 



Alchemilla. 



Parnassia. 



Epilobium. 



Anselica. 



Pinguiciila. 



Trientalis. 



Polygonum viviparum. 

 Yeratrum. 

 Juncus sps. 

 Eriophorum. 

 Carex sps. 



Alopecurus pratensis. 

 Deschampsia, Festuca and 

 Poa sps., &c. 



In more boggy and peaty places [II. (5)] : — 



