288 Carcinological Fauna of India. 



Subfamily II. Pinnothet^elinjj. Ischium of the external maxil- 

 Hpeds distinct and independent, but smaller than the merus, the latter 

 joint little oblique. Usually the carapace is broadly transverse, and 

 often the palp of the external maxillipeds is the largest part of these 

 appendages. 



Subfamily III. XENOPHTHALMiNiE. Ischium of the external maxil- 

 lipeds distinctj as large as or larger than the raeriTS, the latter joint 

 little oblique, the palp of ordinary size. The orbits are narroxo cliinlcs 

 situated dorsalhj with their long axis at right angles to the anterior border 

 of the carapace. 



Subfamily IV. Asthenognathin^; {Asthevognathidse Stimpson). 

 External maxillipeds weak and slender, not nearly meeting across the 

 buccal cavern, the ischium distinct and larger than the merus, the palp 

 of ordinary size. Eyes in the normal position. 



Family GRAPSID^, Dana. 



Grapsoidiens, Milne Edwards, Hisfc. Nat. Crnsfc. II. 68. 



Grapsime, Milne Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nafc., Zool., (3) XVIII. p. 136 and XX. 

 p. 163. 



Orapsid;?, Dana, U. S. Expl. Exp., Crnsfc. p. 329 : Miers, Challenger Bi-achyura, 

 p. 252 : Orfcmann, Zool. Jahrb., Sysfc., VII. 1893-9i, p. 699, and in Bronn's Thier 

 ReiGh, torn. cit. p. 1177. 



This family can be divided into four well characterized subfamilies 

 as follows : — 



Subfamily I. GrRAPSiNiE {Grapsacea, Edw., Grapsinas in part, 

 Dana, Kingsley, Miers, Ortmann). Front strongly deflexed : the lower 

 border of the orbit runs downwards towards the; buccal cavern : antennal 

 flagellum very short : the external maxillipeds leave a wide rhomboidal 

 gap between them, they are not travei-sed by any oblique hairy crest, 

 their palp articulates at the antero-external angle of the merus, and 

 their exognath is very slender and is exposed throughout. The male 

 abdomen fills all the space between the last pair of ambulatory legs. 



Subfamily II. Varunin^: (Vanmacea and Cyclograpsacea part, 

 Milne Edwards; Grapsinae in part, Dana, Kingsley, Miers, Ortmann). 

 Front moderately or little deflexed, sometimes sublaminar : the sub- 

 orbital crest, which supplements the defective lower border of the orbit, 

 is rather distant from the orbit and usually runs nearly in a line with 

 the anterior border of the epistome : antennal flagellum usually of good 

 length : the external maxillipeds do not often gape widely, though 

 usually there is something of a gap, they are not traversed by any 

 oblique hairy crest, their palp articulates with the middle of the 



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