Carcinological Fauna of India. 401 



Chelipeds equal, but variable in size. lu old males they arc consi- 

 derably longer, and vastly more massive, tlian the legs : in the female 

 they are shorter, and though stouter are not vastly stouter than the 

 legs. The fingers, though sharp pointed, are a little hollow-tipped. 



The legs have the three terminal joints compressed, dilated, and 

 plumed, for swimming : the 2 middle pairs are the longest, the last 

 pair is the shortest. 



The abdomen in both sexes consists of 7 separate segments : in tlie 

 male it does not completely cover the sternum between the last pair of 

 legs. 



Distributed throughout the Indo- Pacific, ascending estuaries even 

 into fresliwater. Commonly found at sea on drift logs. 



89. Varuna Utterata (Fabr.) Edw. 



Cancer litteratus, Fabricias, Ent. Syst. Snppl. p. 342 : Herbsfc, Krabben, III. i. 

 58, pi. xlviii. fig. 4. 



Grapsus litteratus, Bosc, Hist. Nat. Crast. I. p. 203, and Latreille, Hist. Nat. 

 Crust, et Ins, VI. p. 71. 



Varuna Utterata, Milne Edwards, Diet. d'Hisfc. Nat. XVI. p. 511. 



Trichopus litteratus, De Haan, Faun. Japon. Crust, p. 32: Dana, U. S. Expl. 

 Exp. Crust, pt. I. p. 336, pi. xx. fig. 8. 



Varuna Utterata, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. II. p. 95, and Ann. Sci. Nat. 

 Zool., (3) XX. 1853, p. 176 : Lucas, Hist. Nat. Anim. Artie, Crust., p. 72, pi. iii. fig. 

 4: Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1858, p. 103: Heller, Novara Crust, p. 51, 

 A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Arohiv. du Mus. IV. 1868, p. 71, and IX. 1873, p. 295 : 

 Brocchi, Ann. Sci. Nat. (6) II. 1875, {male appendages): Miers, Cat. Crust. New 

 Zealand, p. 40, and Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) V. 1880, p. 310, and Challenger 

 Brachyura, p. 265: Tozzetti, Magenta Crust, p. 122, pi. viii. figs. 2 a-g : Hilgendorf, 

 MB. Ak. Berl. 1878, p. 808: Neumann, Crust. Heidelb. Mus., p. 27: Nauck, Zeits. 

 Wiss. Zool. XXXIV. 1880, p. 29 {gastric teeth) -. Kingsley, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad. 

 1880, p. 205 : Sluiter, Tijds. Nederl. Ind. XL. 1881, p. 164: HaswelJ, Cat. Austral. 

 Crust, p. 103: Filhol, Crust. Nouv. Zel. in Miss. I'ile Campbell, p. 390: de Man, 

 Archiv fur Nat. LIII. 1887, i. p. 371, and in Weber's Zool. Ergebn. Niederl. Ost- 

 Ind. II. 1892, p. 315, and Zool. Jahrb., Syst. IX. 1895, p. 112: Henderson, Trans. 

 Zool. Soc. (2) V. 1893, p. 391: Orfcmann, Zool. Jahrb. Syst., VII. 1893-94, p. 713: 

 Max Weber, Zool. Jahrb. Syst. X. 1898, p. 157 : Nobili, Ann. Mus. Genov. (2) XX. 

 1899, p. 267. 



Carapace curiously pitted and frosted above, the regions well 

 enough defined by grooves, which in places are broad shallow and un- 

 even ; the disposition of these grooves in the middle of the carapace 

 makes a letter H. The borders of the carapace are thin and are sharply 

 defined and finely beaded or milled : the antero-lateral borders are 

 arched and are cut into three teeth, including the outer orbital angle : 

 the postero-lateral boundary of the carapace, on each side, is a dis- 

 tinct facet. 



743 



