CETAP TEE Ragas. 
BIOLOGICAL WORK—BY A. DE C. SOWERBY. 
HE narrative of the expedition having been set forth in the preceding 
pages, this chapter takes the form of a general description of the 
biological work, which was entrusted to me. The specimens which I collected 
were presented by Mr. Clark to the United States National Museum. Captain 
Douglas made an interesting collection of insects, which were presented to 
the British Museum. As our route has already been described, it is needless 
for me to do more than mention the names of places from which specimens 
were taken. 
My outfit for the work was very simple and somewhat incomplete. 
Except for a few traps and instruments, which I already had, I was obliged 
to get all my requisites locally. The chief trouble was the lack of a good 
supply of traps, especially those for large animals. The main object of my 
work was the collecting of mammals. Birds were taken whenever interesting 
species were seen, and I was not too busy with mammals to prepare 
them. Reptiles, batrachians and fishes were caught whenever met with, and 
were preserved in alcohol. Captain Douglas confined his attention chiefly to 
blood-sucking and parasitical insects, such as fleas, ticks, and mosquitoes, but 
he also collected a few beetles, spiders, and flies. I made a large collection of 
butterflies and dragonflies towards the end of our expedition in Eastern Kansu 
and Central Shensi. 
Before going into further details of the present work, it might be well to 
say something about that already done in the same districts. In connection 
with the Duke of Bedford’s Exploration of Eastern Asia in the early part of 
1908, Mr. Malcolm P. Anderson and the writer had already made collections of 
mammals in Shensi, at Yen-an Fu and Yii-lin Fu. We also collected in the 
mountains of Shansi, north-west of T’ai-yiian Fu. Mr. Anderson visited the 
Chiao-ch’éng Shan district towards the latter part of 1907. From these 
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