and not from the part to the whole” ;* and it may have been a realisation 
of the necessity of a framework on which to hang the detail which led 
the Fathers to determine the positions of many towns in China. Their 
observations, especially when the inadequacy of their early instruments 
is borne in mind, are entitled to the very greatest credit. 
In 1877-80 Count della Szechenyi published an Atlas of a Portion of 
East Asia (Scale 1/1,000,000). The Lan-chou sheet takes in a part of 
our route, viz., Lan-chou to P’ing-liang Fu wid An-ting Hsien. 
In 1903-5 Herr Wilhelm Filchner, made a trip into Kansu, 
subsequently publishing a map of Kansu (Scale 1/1,000,000). No 
hills shown. 
In 1906 Major C. D. Bruce travelled in company with a Rurki- 
trained surveyor from Lan-chou to Peking. Starting from Lan-chou he 
proceeded vid Hai-ch’éng Hsien to Ch’ing-yang Fu, thence following the 
same route as that taken by us, viz., Fu Chou, Kan-ch’tian Hsien to 
Yen-an Fu; then bearing east and crossing the Yellow River at Yen- 
shui-kuan he reached T’ai-yiian by Yung-ho Hsien and Fén-chou Fu. 
An account of this trip, with a route sketch map (Scale 1/3,500,000, 
based on a plane-table traverse), appeared in the Royal Geographical 
Society’s Journal, 1907. 
In 1907, as mentioned above, Mr. Clementi travelled from Kashgar 
to Kowloon, taking astronomical observations with the theodolite 
throughout his line of march, which however intersected our own at 
Lanchou only. 
In 1gro, the Russian Geographical Society published routes of their 
expedition into Kansu (Scale 40 versts to I inch). 
The German Karte (Scale 1/1,000,000, sheet Hst-ngan and Yii-lin Fu). 
takes ina great proportion of our route, but the sheet giving Lan-chou 
Fu has not yet made its appearance. 
* Vide Text Book of Topographical and Geographical Surveying by Colonel C. F. Close, C. M. G., R. E. 
134 
