radiation. Inthe case of the maximum thermometer, it was impossible to 
expose the instrument during the day when the expedition was on the march. 
Frequent readings of the thermometer were, however, made during brief halts 
at the hottest time of the day, and the highest of these readings was taken to 
be the maximum temperature for the day. In the diary, the readings of the 
maximum and minimum thermometers are printed opposite the first observa- 
tion for each day for the sake of uniformity. It is to be noted, however, that 
the maximum reading refers to the same day as that against which it is 
printed, whilst the minimum refers to the lowest temperature of the preceding 
night. 
The highest temperature recorded on the expedition was on July 5th, 
1909, at Chén-yiian Hsien, in Eastern Kansu, when the thermometer 
registered 102°2° F. in the shade. On July 5th, 1908, at Chao-chuang, near 
T’ai-yiian Fu, the thermometer registered 100'0° F. in the shade. On August 
5th, 1908, the same temperature was recorded within the walls of T’ai-yiian Fu, 
while on the 8th of the same month a temperature of 100°2° F. in the shade 
was recorded. 
The lowest temperature on record was at Kan-ku-yii, near Yen-an Fu, in 
Shensi, when the thermometer went down to—6‘o° F. on December roth, 
1g08. At Yen-an Fu, on January roth, 2oth, and 21st respectively—3°5° F. 
and—2'5% F. and zero were recorded. These records were made within the 
shelter of the town walls, and it is probable that far lower temperatures pre- 
vailed in the open valleys outside. 
The greatest rainfall occurred on July 18th, 1908, at T’ai-yiian Fu, when 
3°66 inches fell in twenty-four hours. On July 17th and 18th, 1909, at 
Ch’éng-k’ou-yi, in Kansu, 1°32 inches, the next heaviest rainfall, was recorded. 
Cloud formations, and the strength and direction of the wind were also 
noted daily. 
Good sets of observations were secured at the following places :— 
I. In and near T’ai-yiian Fu, Latitude 37°51:36" N., Longitude 
112°33'56" E., altitude 2600 ft., from May 16th to September 
28th, 1908. 
2. Yiin-t’ing Shan, Latitude 37°54'or N., Longitude 111°33'48" E., 
altitude 6950 ft. in the mountains 90 miles west of T’ai-yiian 
Fu, in Shensi, from October 4th to 16th, 1908. 
3. Yii-lin Fu, Shensi, on the borders of the Ordos Desert, Latitude 
38°16'54" N., Longitude 109°45'0" E., altitude 3170 ft., from 
November 5th to December 5th, 1908. 
136 
