ANTHROPOLOGY 477 



Uganda are derived are the following: (1) The Pygmy-Prognathous type ; 

 (2) the Bantu ; (3) the Nile Negro ; (4) the Masai ; (5) the Hamite. 



The " Pygmy-Prognathous" type would include not only the Dwarf races 

 of the Congo and other Central African forests and the Dwarf element met 

 with in other parts of Uganda, on Mount Elgon, among the Andoroho,* and 

 perhaps the Doko tribe of Lake Stephanie, but also those people of normal 

 height which are found on the fringe of the Congo Forest from the Semliki 

 River to the vicinity of Lake Kivu. This was the pariah race of Banande 

 which Messrs. Grogan and Sharp and the author of this book have been 

 instinctively and independently compelled to call " ape-like " from their 

 strange, wild, degraded appearance and furtive habits. An examination of 

 the measurements made of this supposed ape-like people, however, and 

 a criticism of the photographs taken of them, does not establish the 

 existence in them of any feature that is exceptionally simian, more than 

 is the case with many other Negro types; but there seems to be sufficient 

 community of physical features between them and the Pygmies to enable 

 one to class them together, and as prognathism is a marked feature in 

 these ape-like individuals, I propose to class them with the Congo 

 Pygmies as the li Pygmy-Prognathous" group. It might perhaps be stated 

 briefly here (though the question will be discussed at greater length in the 

 next chapter) that after careful consideration the author of this book is not 

 inclined to assert the existence of any close relationship between the 

 Pygmies of the Congo Forest and the Bushmen tribes of South Africa. As 

 often occurs amongst the Congo Pygmies, individuals or sections of tribes 

 amongst the Bushmen not infrequently attain a height that may be called 

 normal. A great many of the primitive races of mankind, no doubt, who 

 are struggling under the disadvantages of their environment develop 

 dwarfed or stunted forms, but in all probability the earliest types of 

 humanity when emerging from ape-like creatures were not Dwarfs from our 

 point of view. Therefore, the mere fact that most of the Pygmies and the 

 majority of the Bushmen are below the normal height does not necessarily 

 establish a direct relationship between them. 



This Pygmy-Prognathous element forms, I am convinced, an element 

 more or less obvious in the Negro population of Africa, and it probably 

 resembles pretty closely the original type of Negro that entered the African 

 continent from Arabia and India. Just as in our European population 

 there crop up from time to time Neanderthaloid and Mongolian types, 

 reminiscences of and reversions to some earlier stocks which peopled 

 Europe, so the Pygmy-Prognathous type may show itself in most parts of 



* The Pygmy element in the Andorobo and some other East African tribes may he 

 due to a " Bushman-Hottentot " stock rather than to the differently featured Congo 

 Pygmy. 



