ANTHROPOLOGY 487 



was singularly restricted and fruitless, and died out, leaving no permanent 

 legacy of religious beliefs, arts, and industries, domestic animals, or 

 cultivated plants among the Negro races. 



The Negro, in short, owes what little culture he possessed, before the 

 advent of the Moslem Arab and the Christian white man, to the civilising 

 influence of ancient Egypt ; but this influence (except a small branch of 

 it in the Bahr-al-Ghazal) travelled to him, not directly up the White Nile,* 

 but indirectly, through Abyssinia and Somaliland ; and Hamites, such as 

 the stock from which the Gala and Somali sprang, were the middlemen 

 whose early traffic between the Land of Punt and the countries round the 

 Victoria Nyanza was the main, almost the sole, agency by which the Negro 

 learnt the industries and received the domestic animals of Egypt, and by 

 which the world outside tropical Africa first heard of the equatorial lakes 

 and snow mountains. 



REMARKS ON THE ANTHROPOMETRIC OBSERVATIONS 



MADE BY 



SIR HARRY JOHNSTON and MR. DOGGETT; 

 With the said Observations reduced to Tabular and Comparative Form 



By FRANK C. SHRTJBSALL, M.B., M.B.C.P., 



Fellow of the Anthropological Institute. 



The anthropometric observations fall naturally into two groups, dealing with the 

 proportions of the head and body respectively. 



The measurements of the cranium taken comprise the maximum length and 

 breadth and the vertical projection from the vertex to the tragus of the ear. These 

 enable an estimate to be formed of the size and shape of the head proper. The table of 

 measurements appended shows that the largest individual heads are to be met among 

 the Masai, Karamojo, and Bahima, the smallest among the Acholi and the Congo Dwarf 

 people. By adding together the three dimensions, length, breadth, and height, and 

 dividing by three, a number known as a modulus is obtained, which expresses the 

 average dimension, and the volume is found to vary proportionately with this. From 

 this it would appear that the Lendu have the smallest and the Masai the largest skulls 

 in the series examined. Greater interest attaches to the relative proportions of tin- 

 different dimensions, and especially to the cephalic index, obtained by multiplying the 

 maximum breadth by 100 and dividing by the maximum length ; a similar index is also 

 constructed to show the relation of the length and height. The average results for this 

 series are shown in the table appended. The longest, most dolichocephalic head, 

 occurs among the Lendu (index 69), the broadest among the Suk (index 84). The 

 index numbers are divided into groups, heads with an index of 75 or under being 

 known as dolichocephalic, those between 75 and 80 as mesaticephalic, and those of 80 



* Doubtless because the Nile of Uganda in those days created vast, untraversable 

 swamps between Fashoda and the fourth degree of north latitude. 



Vt)L. II. 2 



