PYGMIES AND FOREST NEGROES 



563 



group, in company with the Bushmen and Andamanese among Dwarf races, and with 

 the Kaffirs and Australian Negroes among the taller races. The average pelvic index 

 in European male skeletons is 80. 



The breadth-height indices (89"5 and 1.117) show the great actual and relative 

 height of the pelvis in the Bambute, though in this respect they do not exceed the 

 Bushman measured by Sir William Turner. In the height of the pelvis the Dwarf 

 races approach the simian type, as is evident from the following table of indices 

 taken from Topinard's "Elements d'Anthropologie," p. 1049: — 



46 Europeans 126 "6 



11 Melanesians 1227 



17 African Negroes 121 '3 



20 Anthropoid apes 105 '6 



The sacrum presents the not uncommon anatomical peculiarity of imperfect 

 synostosis of the first with the remaining sacral vertebras. Beside this there is an 

 additional element united into the sacrum so that it is composed of six vertebrae 

 instead of five. The index shows that it falls into the dolichohieric group in company 

 with the other Dwarf races. 



Vertebral column.— The heights of the lumbar vertebras are as follows : — 



Index 



102 



102'6 



The Bambute, like the Akkas, Bushmen, and many African Negroes, fall into 

 the koilorachic group of Turner, in which the concavity of the lumbar curve is 

 directed forwards instead of backwards, as in the European. 



Bones of the Limbs.— The clavicles are slender, short, and poorly marked, 

 with the ./'curve less obvious than usual. The right clavicle is 117, and the left 119, 

 millimetres long, the claviculo-humeral indices being 41 '9 and 43'8 respectively. The 

 bones of the arms and forearms are similarly small. The femora are slight, very 

 curved antero-postenorly and markedly pilastered. The angle between the neck and 

 shaft is 42°. The lengths of the individual bones are indicated in the table :— 



