2»"» S. IX. June 9. '60.] 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



441 



Twenty-four years afterwards Cruden dedicated 

 a later edition to her grandson George III. Per- 

 haps some more industrious reader can inform us 

 by the help of what book this original writer was 

 enabled to frame that second dedication. 



Frederick: Sharpe. 



[We have a strong impression that this curious illus- 

 tration of Literary Conveyance — " for convey the wise it 

 call " — has been noticed already, but we have failed in 

 our endeavours to ascertain the fact. — Ed. " N. & Q."] 



COLDHARBOUR: GREEN ARBOUR COURT: 

 COAL, CHARCOAL, AND COKE. 



Since my communication to you (ante, p. 139.) 

 on the derivation of Coldharbour, I find in Cun- 

 ningham's Handbook of London, " Coldharbour, or 

 Coldharborough" This latter form of the word 

 much strengthens my derivation. The phrase 

 " Coaled-Arberye," similar in construction to the 

 modern expression of " Coked coal," would ac- 

 count for the introduction of the letter d into the 

 word. It has occurred to me that " Green Ar- 

 bour Court," which runs out of the Old Bailey, 

 may be derived from the same source, that is, 

 " Green-arberie," or wood fuel, in contradistinc- 

 tion to " coaled-arberye," or charcoal. " Sea- 

 coal Lane," running at the bottom of Green Ar> 

 bour Court, suggested this derivation ; as the two 

 places together seemed to indicate a neighbour- 

 hood where fuel of both kinds was sold. Can 

 any of your readers inform me of any ancient 

 form of spelling " Green Arbour Court? " 



In the iron districts, where it is frequently 

 necessary to distinguish the different kinds of 

 fuel, we have the equivalent phrases " Raw Coal" 

 and " Coked coal " : that is, I believe, " Cooked 

 coal," whence comes our modern word for burnt 

 coal, " Coke." 



" Cook, v. n." Dr. Richardson says, of uncer- 

 tain origin, and means, " To dress or prepare by 

 heat animal or vegetable substances for food ; 

 and, sometimes generally, to dres3 or prepare." 



" Thenne came contrition, that hadde coked for hem alle, 

 And brouht forth a pittance." 



Piers Ploughman, p. 245. 

 " Wo was his coke, but if his sauce were 

 Poinant and sharpe, and redy all his gere." 



Chaucer, Tlie Prologue, v. 353. 

 " Herconius of cokerie, 

 First made the delicacie." 



Gower, Con. A. b. iv. 



Coal, Dr. Richardson says also, is of unsettled 

 etymology. It is most likely to be found in the 

 word " Charcoal." The first part of this word, 

 he states, is derived from A.-S. cyran, acyran, to 

 turn, to turn about, turn backwards and for- 

 wards. ( Tooke.) In Chapman's Odyssey, b. iii. 

 p. 44., we find: — 

 "Then Nestor broiled them on the coal-turn' d wood, 



Pour'd black wine on ; and by him young men stood." 



May not the other part of the word " coal" 

 merely signify " black ? " So that charcoal means 

 wood or other substance turned black by fire. 



"As blake he lay as any cole or crow, 

 So was the blood vronnen in his face." 



Chaucer," The Knightes Tale, v. 2664. 

 " Listed of cote-armour on his harneis, 

 With nayles yelwe, and bright as any gold, 

 He hadde a here's skin, cole-Make for old." 



Id. ib. v. 2144. 



" And thou poor earth, whom fortune doth attaint, 

 In nature's name to suffer such a harm, 

 As for to lose thy gem, and such a saint, 

 Upon thy face let coaly ravens swarm." 



Sydney, Arcadia, b. iv. 



(See Richardson's Diet, in voce " Coal," and 

 " Charcoal.") It will, doubtless, be difficult to 

 distinguish whether coal, that is charcoal, is so 

 called from being black, or, being black, it ia 

 used metaphorically for that colour. Whatever 

 its derivation may be, it is certain that it was, at 

 first, used to designate burnt wood only, which 

 was generally called "coal;" and it was not 

 until a comparatively late period that this term 

 was extended to the mineral. When the word 

 coal was applied to the mineral, as in the several 

 Treatises of Simon Sturtevant, John Rovenson, 

 and Lord Dudley, all written in the early part of 

 the seventeenth century, it always had a prefix, 

 such as, " Sea-coal," that is, sea-borne coal, 

 " Pit-coal," or ." Earth-coal." And in a reserva- 

 tion of a right to dig coal in Warwickshire, in the 

 reign of Edward III., it is called " carbo maris." 

 Generally when these writers use the word " coal" 

 by itself, it means "charcoal." It is curious that 

 whilst the word coal alone was first of all ap- 

 propriated by the vegetable, and afterwards ex- 

 clusively applied to the mineral, the entire word 

 charcoal preserves its original signification, of 

 " wood or other substance twned coal," (or as I 

 believe, turned black) " by fire." 



If any of your readers can throw light upon 

 this dark subject, it will much gratify C. T. 



FULL-BOTTOMED WIG. 



A doubt has lately been started whether Re- 

 corders of towns have a right to wear the full- 

 bottomed wig, and that its use should be confined 

 to Judges, Queen's Counsel, Advocates, and Ser- 

 jeants-at-Law. I believe that this doubt is 

 wholly unfounded, and that the full-bottomed 

 wig is neither legal, professional, nor official. 



With respect to Recorders, I never saw any 

 Recorder at a levee or drawing-room of her Ma- 

 jesty in any other wig than this; and if I were to 

 go to St. James's Palace wearing any other wig 

 than a full-bottomed wig, I should expect to be 

 sent back by the state pages stationed in the cor- 

 ridor. The last barrister who was simply a bar- 



