56 A TEXT-BOOK OF GRASSES 
quantity of hay produced, and the climatic conditions 
render this unnecessary. 
71. Hay in the West——When hay is made on a large 
scale such as prevails on many western ranches, the pro- 
cess involves the use of several appliances not often seen 
on the smaller farms of the East. The mower and horse- 
rake are common everywhere. To transport the bunches 
of grass hay to the stack a sweep or bull rake is often 
used. This is an implement with large teeth, that slides 
along the ground and under the bunches. For alfalfa it is 
better to load on wagons as the sweep tends to shatter 
the foliage. The sweep can not be used for long distances. 
At the stack the hay is transferred from the wagons or 
from the sweeps by large forks worked by horse-power. 
These forks are operated in connection with some form of 
pole derrick, or less frequently with a cable derrick. Nets 
or slings are often used to unload wagons. These are 
placed at intervals in the load, which can then be hoisted 
off in three or four parts with a derrick. 
72. The standard hay on city markets in the East is 
timothy and all other kinds are estimated in comparison 
with timothy. The demand here is for hay suitable for 
horses, and custom has come to consider timothy as best 
satisfying this demand. Clover mixed with timothy may 
increase the feeding value but may also reduce the mar- 
ket value in these markets. The demand for timothy in 
preference to other hay is largely due to the wishes of the 
livery stables, timothy being considered by horsemen to 
be the best hay for livery horses. 
In localities in which prairie hay enters the mae 
it is demanded in preference to alfalfa for livery horses. 
73. Baled hay.—In recent years the baling of hay has 
become an important industry and baled hay has almost 
