MORPHOLOGY OF THE FLORAL ORGANS 129 
would tend to show relationship with the lilies. The species with 1 
and 2 stamens evidently show a reduction from the usual 3-stamened 
type by the abortion of 1 or more of its members. 
161. The pistil is single, with a 1-celled ovary, 2 styles 
and 2 stigmas. Occasionally there are 3 styles (Strepto- 
cheta, some bamboos), or only 1 (Nardus). There is 
apparently only 1 also in corn (the ‘‘silk’’) but this arises 
from the union of 2. When there are 2 styles or 2 sessile 
stigmas they arise not from the apex of the ovary but 
from the sides near the apex. Sometimes there is a single 
style that divides into 2 branches. The styles of corn are 
unusually long and slender thus raising the stigmas out 
of the large bracts or husks surrounding the ear. The 
stigmas usually consist of papillate or plumose continua- 
tions of the styles. The ovary contains a single ovule 
grown to the side of the ovary without a funiculus, the 
micropyle turned downward. In Streptocheta and Strep- 
togyne the long spirally twisted styles and stigmas of 
adjacent spikelets become interlaced at maturity. 
According to Hackel and others, the pistil is 1-carpeled; 
according to Walker, it is made up of 3 carpels (Walker, 
“On the Structure of the Pistils of Some Grasses.’’ Univ. 
Nebr. Studies 6: No. 3. 1906.) 
162. The fruit is usually a caryopsis, the seed being 
adherent to the pericarp. The seed-coat is poorly devel- 
oped and the pericarp acts as a seed-coat. The caryopsis 
is sometimes more or less united with the palea, rarely 
also with the lemma. The caryopsis is, however, often 
inclosed within the lemma and palea without being adher- 
ent to them. 
As in flowering plants in general the fruit in the restricted sense 
is the ripened ovary and its contents. In a wider sense the fruit is 
the ripened ovary together with the adjacent parts which may aid in 
I 
