206 A TEXT-BOOK OF GRASSES 
Spikelets 1-flowered, the rachilla prolonged; lemma awned 
from the back, surrounded by a tuft of callus hairs; inflo- 
rescence an open or contracted panicle. A common con- 
stituent of native meadows in the northern temperate and 
Fig. 42. Ammophila 
arenaria. Inflorescence 
and lower portion of 
plant, x 4%. (U. S. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost., Bull. 
No. 14.) 
arctic regions of America. Bluejoint, 
C. canadensis (Michx.) Beauv., is com- 
monly cut for hay from Montana to 
Minnesota. Thisis a perennial with 
creeping rhizomes, erect culms 3 to 5 
feet high and a rather open panicle 
resembling that of redtop. Another 
species, pine-grass C’. rubescens Buckl. 
(C. Suksdorfii Secribn.), is an excellent 
range-grass in the mountains of eastern 
Oregon and Washington. Calamagrostis 
scabra Presl (erroneously referred to C. 
Langsdorfit) (Fig. 41) is a common 
grass along the coast of Alaska and in 
open grass lands of British Columbia. 
236. Ammophila Host—Beach- 
grass. Marram-grass. A genus of 1 or 
2 species, allied to Calamagrostis from 
which it differs in its strongly com- 
pressed spikelets and _  chartaceous 
lemma and palea, the lemma awnless. 
The common species is A. arenaria (L.) 
Link (Fig. 42), which grows in sand- 
dunes of the north Atlantic coast of 
Europe and America. It is found also 
on the sand-dunes along the east and 
south shores of Lake Michigan. It 
produces extensively creeping root- 
stocks because of which, and because 
