HORDEZ 241 
Triticum zxstivum L. (T. vulgare Vill.; T. satiowm Lam.). (Fig. 
60). Wheat. Annual; culms tufted, erect, smooth or pubescent at 
the nodes, 2 to 3 feet high; sheaths smooth or slightly scabrous, or 
the lowermost pubescent; ligule membranaceous, about 1 mm. 
long; blades flat, about 14 inch wide, more or less scabrous on the 
upper surface, the base extended on either side into points or auri- 
cles, these, at least in the young leaves, 
ciliate; spike dense, more or less 4-sided, 
1 to 4 inches long; spikelets overlap- 
ping, single at the nodes, in 2 rows 
alternating on the zigzag continuous ‘ 
rachis, usually 3- to 5-flowered, ovate, 
somewhat compressed; glumes coria- 
ceous, shorter than the spikelets, un- 
symmetrical or 1-sided, the outer side 
being broader, and bearing an obtuse 
or rounded shoulder or tooth, the sharp 
keel ending in a point or awn; lemmas 
similar to the glumes but nearly sym- 
metrical, more or less 3-toothed, the 
central tooth sometimes extending into 
a long awn or beard. This includes all 
the forms that are grown in America 
under the name of wheat. There are 
numerous varieties differing in length 
of awn, color of the head and of the 
grain, in pubescence of the spikelets, 
in the shape of the head, and many 
other characters. The only other species 
of the genus grown commercially in 
America is emmer (7. dicoccum 
Schrank). Durum wheat is considered 
to be a variety of 7’. estivum. Fk ire a i ees 
Two other species are grown to a with portion of attached rachis, 
limited extent in southeastern Europe. 
These are Polish wheat (7. polonicum L.) in which the glumes are 
papery in texture and longer than the spikelet; and einkorn (T. 
monococcum L.) with disarticulating rachis and slender long-awned 
heads, the lateral tooth of the glumes pointed, the palea split- 
P 
