176 Transactions British Mycological Society. 



C. Yeast III. 



Cultural characters. Ten days' beer-wort gelatine slant at 

 room temperature — a moist white growth with radial wrinkles 

 extending from a central raised area. Separate colonies are 

 whitish, raised, and have a chalky white central boss when old. 

 Surface film and copious deposit in beer-wort, but no alcoholic 

 fermentation. No spore formation. 



Morphological characters. Cells spherical with large vacuoles. 

 Diameter, from a three days' beer-wort gelatine slant, i'8-5-5 //,, 

 average 3-7 /x. 



The three yeasts must be placed in the genus Torula Turpin. 



D. Other organisms. 



The black colour of many of the apple fluxes is due to short 

 hyphal strands and strings of cells of a dark brown or black 

 colour which belong to Dematium pullulans, a fungus which is 

 common on the bark of apple-trees. Ludwig refers to the 

 presence of "large brown spores resembling the teleutos pores 

 of a Puccinia." These are probably the chlamydospores ot this 

 fungus. 



A Cephalosporium sp. appeared very commonly on the culture 

 plates, and, less commonly, species of Torula, Penicillium, 

 Sporotrichum and pink yeasts. Fluorescent bacteria were very 

 frequent. A large variety of Oospora apparently identical with 

 Oospora Ludwigii (Hans.) Sacc. et D. Sacc, to be described 

 later from the white flux of willows, was isolated from an apple 

 flux from Meldreth. 



Algae {Protococcus, etc.) were present in small quantity. Insect 

 larvae and protozoa were not usually found. 



WHITE SLIME-FLUX. 



I. Previous Investigations. 



The so-called "alcoholic flux" or white slime-flux was found 

 by previous investigators on oaks, birches, poplars, beeches, 

 willows, maples and ashes. It is said by Ludwig to result in 

 a complete fermentation of the bark, bast and cambium, and 

 sometimes a part of the wood. The destruction and fall of the 

 bark often accompanied a marked diminution in the growth of 

 the tree (6). It was often found associated with branch scars, 

 frost cracks, goat-moth borings and other wounds, but ap- 

 parently sprang also from the uninjured bark. It usually 

 occurred on the main trunk of the tree. 



Its duration was from June to August, and the time of its 

 appearance was very constant each year. The strong smell of 

 beer and later of malic ester and vinegar attracted large numbers 



