of Western Afghanistan and Korth-Eastcrn Persia. 5 



Ada — Adas — ^-.^1 — the plant and pulse of Lexs 

 ESCULENTA, also sometimes applied to Vicia 

 Ervilia. 



Adar — ^i| — fire. 



Adu'ia — xj^l — medicines, drugs. The plural of 

 dawd. 



Aduia-deg or dduJa-del' — [the medicine of the mortar]. 

 This is a well-known aromatic powder of the country, con- 

 sisting of black-pepper, cumin seeds, and cinnamon carefully 

 pounded together in a large iron mortar. 



Aduia-garm — -^*j^1 — [heating-medicines]. Con- 

 diments. 



Adulterais^ts, or substitutes. 



A red clay, tawa, is employed in adulterating the gum- 

 resin Asafoetida. The flowers of Carthanius tixctorius to 

 adulterate Satfron. The corms of Colchicum those of 

 Merendera PERSIC a. The gum- resin of Microrhynchus 

 spixosus to adulterate the drug Sarcocolla. The bulbs of 

 TuLiPA and Allium to replace the tubers of Orchis. The 

 tubers of the roots of Eremostachys labiosa, and other 

 species, are employed as a substitute for those of Curcuma 

 Zedoaria. The wood of Morus alba is employed as a 

 substitute for, and passed off as Ebony, the wood of Diospyros 

 species. The roots of Ferula suaveolens are passed off as 

 those of the true samhal, Ferula Sumbul. 



Aeluropus littoralis, Pari. Gramixe.e. 



A useful fodder grass, met with all over the country, 

 called in Baluchistan kandar. In its creeping habit of 

 growth it much resembles the dub of India, Cyxodon 

 Dactylox. 



Aflun — o>J^^l — Opium. The inspissated juice of 

 Papaver somxiferum. 



Afsantln — yj.xi*^Jl — or ahsanthln. The flower- 

 heads of a species of Artemisia. 



Agar — j.^] — igir, the rhizomes of AcoRUS calamus; 

 a tuberous root ; the tubers of a Cyperus. 



