of Western Afghanistan and North-Eastern Persia. 29 



Persians. I do not remember, nor have I any note, that I had 

 seen the cauliflower. 



Bread — nd)i — 



Is usually made with ferment, and hence diflers from the 

 bread of the peasant in India, which is unleavened. The 

 nomads and camel men often bake unleavened bread by 

 rolling the dough round hot stones, and covering the whole 

 with ashes ; this form of bread is called kdk. Flour made 

 from the dried fruit of the indigenous pear, Pyrus species, 

 of the Celtis, and Mulberry is generally employed in the 

 manufacture of bread, in the localities where these fruits are 

 common, 



I regret that I made no inquiry into what the leaven or 

 ferment was with which the Persians and Afghans raise their 

 bread. 



Bricks — Jchesht, hhisht. 



Bricks in these countries may be the natural production 

 of the soil, or made of clay and dried in the sun, or the latter 

 subsequently kiln burnt. 



One has only to see the effects of the heat of the sun's 

 rays on a clay plain that has lately been inundated with 

 water, to recognise how such soil " produceth bricks ; " for 

 very temporary huts these act well enough. 



Brinjal — SoLAxuM Meloxgexa. 



Biihman, hahman — ^^yt^i — a medicine imported 

 into India from Cabul, CE^'TAUREA Behex ; in- 

 telligent, acute, adroit. 



Bulb — gol, goll, gul, gull. 



Bulrush — Typha axgustata. 



Burz — a female goat, applied to the female of the 

 Ibex and Gazelle. 



Butter — mcisJca. 



The ordinary method of making butter amongst the 

 nomads is by putting freshly warmed milk into a leathern 

 skin, adding to it some sour butter milk, a little water, and 

 then hanging the skin on a tripod over a light fire just hot 

 enough to prevent the warmed milk from losing its temper- 



