30 Brigade-Surgeon J. E. T. Aitchison's Notes on Prodvxts 



ature ; the milk is now churned by swinging the skin back- 

 wards and forwards by pulling on a piece of string. 



The butter is here usually called maska, the fresh butter 

 milk dugh. The butter to enable it to keep and allow of ex- 

 portation is clarified ; it is then called roghan-i-zard, or the 

 Hindustani term ghi may be employed by the traders. This 

 clarified butter is one of the great export and trading com- 

 modities of this country to the towns of Persia, Afghanistan, 

 and India. 



Butter-Milk — fresli dogli, (Hiud.) lasl ; made sour 

 riiCis, mast ; the dried curd of butter milk harilt, 

 mdstdiva, to which our old English term 

 Oxygal corresponds. 



Butterfly — shaprak. 



Buxus sempervirens, Linn. Euphorbiace^, 

 The Box-wood, or Box-tree, shamshdd. This tree or shrub 

 I did not meet with, nor is it known to be found over any 

 part of the country which I traversed, although it is by no 

 means a rare shrub in certain districts of Persia, or in some 

 parts of Afghanistan. I found it cultivated at Meshad. Its 

 wood is valued chiefly for making combs. The Tortoise 

 takes its name, shamshdht, from it. 



Buz, hoz — -^^j — hurz, haz, had — Goats generally, or 



the female goat in particular. 

 Buz — for puz — a snout. 



Cabbage — Brassica oleracea. 



Caccinia glauca, Saoi. Boragine^. 



A common herb in the Badghis and in the Hari-rud Valley, 

 called gdo-zabdn. It has a large fleshy root-stock, which is 

 eaten in a raw state, and the leaves are used as a pot herb. 

 The corollas, gid-i-gdo-zabdn, are employed in local medicme, 

 and exported. 



Caesalpinia, species. Leguminos^. 



The seeds of C. Bonducella, and probably also of C. 

 BONDUC ; these are called khdla-iblis, and in Hindustani Imt- 



