of Western Afghanistan and North-Eastern Persia. 35 



jungles of Afghanistan and Balkh, and is said to be this 

 plant, but this requires confirmation. 



Cassia, species. Legumixos.e. 



The leaves of a species of Cassia, which yields the drug 

 Senna, sand, sand-i-makal, probably Cassia obovata. Coll ad., 

 are imported in some quantities, brought chiefly by pilgrims 

 from Mecca ; this is a common drug amongst the natives, 

 and is one of the articles carried by pilgrims for purposes of 

 exchange and barter. 



Castanea vulgaris, Lurnarli. Cupulifer.e. 



The sweet or Spanish chesnut ; cultivated in Persia, also 

 indigenous in Northern Persia, called the Royal-Oak, shd- 

 balut. 



Castor-oil plant — Ricinus communis. 



Cat — gurha, i^ishak. 



Cat -NUTS — Carum species. 



Catechu — the extract obtained from Acacia Catechu 



or Areca Catechu. 

 Caterpillar — hirm ; of the silk-worm, kirm-pela. 

 Cattle — 



The Cattle of the country are Camels, the ordinary single 

 humped as well as the Bactrian, or double humped ; Horses, 

 Ponies, Mules, Donkeys, Oxen with or without humps, but 

 the humps are never very large ; Sheep, and Goats. 



Celery — Apium graveolens. 



Celtis caucasica, Willd. Urticace^. 



Tdghun, toJchm. A common indigenous tree in the 

 Badghis and Khorasan ; in the Hari-rud country cultivated 

 near shrines. The wood is considered valuable for house- 

 hold furniture, but chiefly for the manufacture of spoons and 

 bowls ; it makes good fuel. There is a superstitious veneration 

 attached to the tree from its being so frequently cultivated 

 in the vicinity of shrines and holy places ; as also to its 

 wood, small pieces of which are hung round the necks of 

 women and children as amulets to protect them from evil 



