oj Western Afghanistan and North- Eastern Persia. 37 



at Panjdeh, and that most of the rice consumed in Herat 

 and Meshad is imported from that district, or from the east 

 of Herat. ]\Iaize, with the greater Millet Sorghum, are 

 cultivated on a large scale near Bala-morghab and in the 

 Turkoman country generally ; whereas in the Hari-rud Valley 

 and Khorasan I only saw these growing as scattered plants 

 through fields of other crops, as of Melons and Tobacco. 

 The natives speak of Maize and the greater Millet under the 

 common name jaohrl, but if asked which they mean, they 

 identify the IVIaize as " the edible," and the Millet as " that 

 from Turkistan." There is said to be a smaller variety of 

 the latter with large grains ; this I never saw. The Millet, 

 Panicum miliaceum, is commonly grown and employed to a 

 large extent as food. Of Pennisetum spicatum I only saw 

 a few plants once in Khorasan. 



Wheat — Triticum vulgare. 



Barley — Hordeum hexastichuji, Hordeum vulgare. 



Maize — Zea Mays. 



Greater Millet — Sorghum vulgare. 



Spiked Millet — Pennisetum spicatum. 



Common Millet — Panicum miliaceum. 



Italian Millet — Pennisetum italicum. 



Rice — Oryza sativa. 



Cha — if^ — this syllable in Persian added to words 

 forms the diminutive — as alu, a plum; alucha, a 

 small plum : amrud, a pear; amrucha, a small 

 pear. 



Chd — U. — ChCie — ^^U^ — Tea, the prepared leaves of 

 Camellia theifera. 



Chd — i$'^ — a well, or shaft where water is to be found. 



Chdh — a rush, Juncus maritimus. 



Chaghdn — jjlJU- — a cotton cleaner. 



Chaka — iS,s>. — small, minute. 



Chakh-mdk — 6'>4.s^r^ — a flint. 



Chakh-mdk-ddshe — Turki for a flint. 



Chdm — -U^ — a grain, a berry, a seed. 



Chaman — ^J^ — a garden, an orchard, a green place. 



Chaman-i-bed — [a garden of willow^s]. The name 

 of a locality. 



