of Western Afghanistan and North-Eastern Persia. 45 



Cinnamon, the bark of Cinnamoalum species. 

 Black-pepper, the fruit of Piper nigrum. 

 Cardamoms, the fruit of Elettaria CAKDAMOMU]\r. 

 Ginger, the rhizomes of Zingiber officinale. 

 Turmeric, the rhizomes of Curcuma longa. 

 Saffron, the stigmata of Crocus sativus. 

 Sugar — Salt. 



IV. Condiments Exported. 

 The fruit of Berberis vulgaris, vinegar, the two kinds of 

 Manna, the fruit of Psammogeton setifolium, and Sar- 

 cocolla. 



Cone — 



Is called by the same name as the tree PiNUS halepensis, 

 viz., naoju, ndju; as it is the only pine tree of these parts, 

 cones are not well known. Owing to their rarity, as well 

 as from some superstitious idea, one is usually kept in the 

 work-bags of the ladies of the nomad tribes. 



Conium maculatum, Linn. Umbellifer^. 

 Hemlock. At Kharobagh I met with plants of this fully 

 seven feet in height. 



Convolvulus, species. CoNVOLVULACEiE. 



The plant nila-fdr, the seeds tukhm-i-gul, which I believe 

 will prove to be a species of Ipomcea, is cultivated for its 

 beautiful blue flowers, and of which the seeds are employed 

 in medicine. 



Copper — the metal, mis; sulphate of copper, sany- 

 tutia, nll-tutia (Hind.), zangdl, zangdr (Turko- 

 man!). 



The metal in sheets is imported in quantity through 

 Persia and from India, to be forwarded to Turkistan as well 

 as for local industry. Copper dishes, owing to the trouble of 

 conveyance, are not now much imported. 



The salt, Sulphate of Copper, comes chiefly from Bokhara. 



Cordia Myxa, Linn. Cordiace.e. 



The fruit Sebestens, sapistan, arc chiefly imported from 



