of Western Afghanistan and North-Eastem Persia. 89 



Glass is now manufactured at Herat, for which the 

 natives employ the Barilla of the country. Signs of the past 

 manufacture of glass were very prevalent in the Helmand 

 Valley, amongst the debris of the many massive ruins of that 

 country. 



Glass-wort — Calligonum comosum. 

 Glue — 



The Persians have two substances almost identical with 

 each other, both are equally commonly used for the same 

 purposes ; in speaking generally of either they use a term 

 commonly applied to both. Glue made from the refuse of 

 animal matter, our ordinary glue ; and a glue-like gum made 

 from the roots and leaves of an Ekemukus, quite unknown 

 to us. When speaking of either generally they call them 

 charish, chirish, chircsh, saves, sires, siris, sirlsh, sirish, so that 

 to distinguish what substance it is that they are alluding to 

 they find it necessary to add some discriminating word — thus 

 for animal glue, char isli- charm, the glue made from skins of 

 animals, or charish-shom, black glue ; for the vegetable glue 

 they say gia-sares, sarlsh-i-kdhi, grass or herb glue. In all 

 probability sirinj, " a gum-like substance obtained in Yar- 

 kand by boiling the root of a shrub " {Trade Products of Leh, 

 p. 246), will prove to be the latter. 



Glycyrrhiza glabra, Linn. LEGUMiNoSiE. 



The liquorice plant, wahic, mdhk, sus, asus, dlsus ; the under- 

 ground root-stock, hcJch-mahk, hekh-sus ; the extract liquorice, 

 niahk, roh-asus, asus, dlsus, asal-dlsus, malhatl. 



A characteristic and extremely common shrub in the 

 Badghis and Khorasan, at an altitude of above 2000 feet, 

 and most luxuriant in loamy soil, where there is moisture. 

 In the latter localities the annual shoots grow to four 

 feet, with enormous underground root-stocks. The under- 

 ground root-stocks are collected by the nomads, from which 

 they prepare the extract liquorice. Those of our camp 

 followers who had been to Kandahar with our army, demon- 

 strated to us what excellent fuel the root-stocks made ; ever 

 after the discovery of the profusion of this plant in our 

 encampments, or the vicinity, our men were to be seen daily 

 collecting the roots for fuel. 



TRANS. BOX. SOC. VOL. XYIII. M 



