of Western Afghanistan and Noi'th-Eastern Persia. 103 



Kandahar, certainly in the Kuram Valley in the deep gorges 

 of those high mountains, where there is a sufficiency of 

 moisture without an excess as in Kashmir. The indigenous 

 Hop of Mazanderan even now might be made a very valuable 

 article of commerce from Herat to India, and its cultivation 

 a source of great profit to that country. Eound Quetta I 

 feel sure that there are localities where the cultivation of the 

 Hop might be looked forward to with success. 



Hyssopus, species. Labiatj^. 

 A Hyssop, called zufa. 



Hystrix, sjjecies. 



The Porcupine, khdr~a-kash, khdr-a-kosh, khdr-jJiisht, 

 khdr-posht, khdl-jMsh, shogle, sikh-aol. A good specimen of 

 this from that country would be valued. 



Ibex — Capra sibirica. The male taka, the female 



hoz-i-kohi OT hurz-i-koh'i. 

 Ihlls — ltj^XjI — the devil. 

 Ibrcin — the extract obtained from the root of 



Berberis species, emploj^ed as a dye stufi' and 



medicine. 

 Ihrang — <L^j-j^i — root, origin of anything. 

 Ice — yakh. 



In Persia ice is collected during winter by spreading out 

 water during the night in a shallow trench, between a 

 couple of high w^alls ; these places where the ice is thus 

 collected are called chddar-shab [night-sheet] ; in the 

 morning the ice is lifted and stored in pits. 



/^fr — -^^1— the rhizomes of Acorus calamus. 



Uk — 1^1 — alJc — dJCXc — a gum-resin as of BOrSWELLiA 



species. The true resin of a Pine or Juniper. 

 Incense — 



The following substances are employed in Persia as incense, 

 or are exported to be so employed :• — Galbanum, the gum- 

 resin of Ferula galbaniflua ; the root of the true Sumbul, 

 Ferula Sumbul, imported from Central Asia ; and as a sub- 



