112 Brigade-Sur^reon J. E. T. Aitchison's Notes on Frodwis 



Karam — ^.^i — the Cabbage, Brassica oleracea. 

 Karanful — ^yi — Cloves, the flower-buds of Eugenia 

 caryophyllata. 



By the Turkomans corrupted to halanifur, and by them 

 karanful is understood to mean red pepper, the fruit of 

 Capsicum species. 



Karbds — u-Ij;.^ — in Arabic means fine linen, in these 

 parts a very ordinary country-woven cotton 

 material. 



Kardan — ^^j.(, — to do, to act. 



Kdrez — ^j^b — and kharez — j-j'j^^^ — an underground 

 conduit for water. 



Karmdk — Prunus calycosus. 



Karmak — dCo^i — a herb with which they wash. 



Karmlz — y^j.^ — [the produce of an insect], Cochineal. 



Karuna — Sophora pachycarpa. 



Karut — djj^i — kuriit, mdstwd, mdstdwa. 



Is dried Oxygal, the dried curd from sour buttermilk. 

 Buttermilk is made sour by adding to it some karut, or the 

 dregs of some sour buttermilk ; it is then placed over the fire 

 until half the liquid has evaporated, and then strained and 

 compressed with the hands, or placed under a weight, until 

 the whole of the whey is pressed out ; the whey so removed 

 is called do-karut, and the compressed curd, which is now 

 exposed in pieces to the heat of the sun to be dried, is called 

 karut. It is usually to be seen in pieces of an irregular 

 shape, the size of the fist, of a grey brown colour, and of 

 an apparently sandy consistency, covered with finger marks, 

 the impressions left on it in trying to squeeze out the 

 last drops of whey ; in consistency it is much harder than 

 any ordinary cheese. Amongst the nomads, and in all house- 

 holds wherever butter is made, there karut is largely pre- 

 pared, and by them traded with throughout the whole country. 

 It is excessively acid, and tastes as if it were made of very 

 acid vinegar. It is largely used in the diet of the people. 

 A piece of it is broken into a basin of milk, and the milk is 

 drunk when it has become sour, which it does in a few 

 minutes ; or a small piece is mixed in water, and this acidu- 



