of Western Afghanistan and North-Eastern Persia 129 



Mallow — Malva sylyesteis. 

 Mahnal, for marmar — Marble. 

 Malourl — the Bramble, RuBUS species. 

 Maluh — a sort of candle, or taper.^ 



Malva sylvestris, Linn. Malvaceae. 



The Mallow khatml, khachnl, the flowers gul-i-khatmi. 

 Employed in medicine, for which the flowers are collected 

 and exported. 



Manaki — Jxm — manaha, Eaisins when dried of a 



red colour, and possessing usually a fine bloom ; 



these contain stones, and resemble our ordinary 



raisins. 

 Mandcddh — Scoezoneea species. 

 Manddo — the plant Eevca satiya. 

 Manjlth — *aj..s:vJU — majitk, Madder, the dye-stuft' 



and shrub Rubia tinctoeum. 



^Majs-xa 



Several shrubs yield a sweet exudation, which is treated 

 either as a condiment or drug. The product yielded by the 

 plant CoTONEASTEK XUMMULAEIA, sm-choh, is called in these 

 districts shir-khisht, shir-hhesht, and gap-elur, or gap-shir. 

 That yielded by Alhagi camelorum, shutar-khdr, is called 

 tar-anjdbin, or tar-angalUn. I also collected from the 

 leaves of Salsola fcetida a manna, which was well known 

 to the camel men in Baluchistan, and by them called shaJcar. 

 In Khairan, is said to be collected from a variety of Tamapjx 

 GALLICA, a manna called gaz-shaJcar and gaz-angalin ; this in 

 certain seasons is to to be had in great abundance. 



These mannas, viz. of Cotoxeastee, Alhagi, and Tamaijix 

 are eaten by the natives as we do sugar or jam with our 

 food, and usually are not treated in the light of medicines. 

 They are largely exported in all directions, and by the 

 natives of India and Europeans are looked upon as drugs. 



Maxuee — see dung, cattle, fuel, pjitch. 



Mcio — the name amongst the Khyber Afridis for 



Ephedea pachyclada. 

 Maple, Acer species. 



TRANS. BOT. SOC. VOL. XVIH. R 



