146 Brigade-Surgeon J. E. T. Aitchison's Notes on Frodiu:tH 



for their camels. This is called labu ; other species, called p^r- 

 injlr and samaruhh, are eaten as vegetables by the natives. 

 Orobanciie ^gyptiaca colours, with the luxuriance of its 

 flowers, melon and tobacco fields, from the profusion in whicii 

 it grows amongst these crops. 



Orpiment — yellow arsenic, zarnlkh. 

 Orris Root — the rhizomes of Iris species. 

 Ors — (j*yl — ors — ^J*^^] — orsa, drcha — the tree 

 Juniper, Juniperus excelsa. 



Oryza sativa, Linn. Gramine^e. 



Eice. The plant, shall ; the grain, heraiyj, herinj. I only 

 saw rice once being cultivated in these travels, and that was in 

 Khorasan, where its cultivation at any time is most excep- 

 tional. It is grown in quantity at Panjdeh and Maimana, 

 from whence the greater part of the rice consumed in 

 Khorasan and Herat is obtained. The rest is grown to the 

 east of Herat, or brought from the Cabul Valley. The 

 Caspian provinces of Persia are said to yield an abundant 

 supply of rice. In these regions new rice is preferred as 

 food to old, which is quite the reverse in Bengal. 



Otter — Lutra species ; sag-dhl. 

 Oxen — 



Of these there are very few, either in the Herat district 

 or in Khorasan. I never saw any being employed for agri- 

 cultural purposes. On the Hamun of the Helmand we saw 

 large droves, and on the Helmand we met droves conveying 

 raw cotton up the river. 



OXYGAL 



An old English technical term applied to sour milk, 

 from the Greek words oxus, and gala. Richardson, in his 

 Persian Dictionary, edited by Francis Johnson, 1829, uses 

 this term, and speaks of mast, which is very sour coagulated 

 milk, as oxygal, and mdstmva, mdstiud, and ka,rut, the dried 

 curds of sour butter-milk, as dried oxygal. 



Pdchah — i^sSj — dried cow-dung, used as fuel. 



