of Western Afghanistan aiul North-Eastern Persia. 149 



Pashm — *.>iij — wool, feather, down. 



Pashmln — (jr-i-*^i — pashmina — ^j^j — woollen. 



In Kashmir and India means the fine hair removed from 

 the coarser parts of the fleece of the goat. In Persia simply 

 wool, woollen. 



Pat — plains of clay ; land almost of a dead level, 

 the surface covered with a layer of clay 

 deposited by water. 



Pat — t-llAj — fine goat's hair, separated from the 

 ordinary hair of the goat ; a fabric made from 

 it, patu — yCv — also called kurg and ku7'k ; but 

 patu is also applied to a fabric made of sheep's 

 wool. 



Pea — Pi.suM species. 



Peach — the fruit of Prunus persica. 



Pear — the tree and fruit of Pyrus communis. 



Pech — ^xi — twisted, folded, intertwined. 



Pechah — <i\.rsajL> — [the small climber]. In Balu- 

 chistan applied to a species of Cynanchum (?) ; 

 a climber. 



Peganum Harmala, Linn. Rutace^. 



The wild rue, harmal, ispanthan, ispand, isfand, spand, 

 spandan, spanj, spangaoli, spingull. This shrub was common 

 over the whole country traversed up to an altitude of 4000 

 feet. The natives employ it in medicine, as it is supposed 

 to be efficacious in many diseases. On the occurrence of an 

 epidemic, as cholera, they collect it in heaps and burn it 

 through the villages ; they consider it drives away evil 

 spirits. In Persia it was a common thing to see a bush of 

 this hung up in doorways to protect the inmates from evil 

 spirits. One of our encampments at Quetta was called 

 spangaoli from the profusion of this shrub at that locality. 



Pela, pila — aJIjo — the cocoon of the silkworm, a 

 button, a knot, the core of a boil, a seed, a root, 

 the smallwares of a pedlar. 



