of Western Afghanistan and North-Eastern Persia. 153 



ghoza. The seed of tliis pine is one of the great trade 

 products exported from the district of Kost and the Kuram 

 Valley to India, where the tree is called zan-glwza, the seeds 

 zan-ghoz, and the cones guta. The tree does not exist, as far as I 

 could learn, anywhere near Herat, and I did not come across 

 the seeds in any of the bazaars, so if they are to be got at 

 Herat their occurrence in the trade must be rare ; they are 

 quite replaced here by the kernels of the Pistacio Nut. 



This pine occurs on the Suliman range, with PiNUS excelsa, 

 at and above 7000 feet ; it is there called chir, chil. As far as I 

 could learn from hearsay, and from specimens brought to me 

 of the pines that occur on this range, no Pinus longifolia 

 exists on it. The nearest locality to the plains of the Punjab 

 where Gerard's Pine grows, is on the Suliman range opposite 

 Dehra-Ismail-khan, from which it would be possible to get 

 fresh seeds to England in a fit state to germinate. All the seed 

 that I was ever able to send from other localities were usually 

 reported upon " as dead as door nails." The difficulty of 

 transporting these in a healtliy condition for germinating con- 

 sists in their oleaginous nature, and it must be also remembered 

 that in extracting the seeds from the cones, the natives place 

 the cones on hot stones, or even partially burn them ; this 

 causes the hard scales of the cone to expand, and then the 

 seeds are easily shaken out, so that this method of extracting 

 the seeds may have been also one of the reasons why all 

 that I sent to England were unable to germinate. I think 

 there would be a greater chance of success if the entire cones 

 were forwarded. This pine, it seems to me, ought to do well 

 on the Eiviera. 



Pinus longifolia, Roxh. Coxifer.e. 



The Long-leafed pine, chir, clul. Is a north-west, outer 

 Himalayan pine, extending from the Indus river eastwards, 

 and not to the west of that river. It is however cultivated 

 at Peshawur, Kohat, and at most of our frontier stations. 

 The Flora of British India gives Afghanistan as the distribu- 

 tion of this pine. To this I cannot agree (see " On the Flora 

 of the Kuram Valley," Linn. Soc. Jour., vol. xix. pt. ii. p. 142). 



Pinus halepensis, Mill. Conifers. 



A very fine cultivated tree, ndjit, ndojii. In Afghanistan 



TRANS. BOT. SOC. VOL. XVIII. U 



